共沉淀法合成ZrO2-ZrW2O8复合材料的工艺研究

以硝酸氧锆[ZrO(NO₃)₂·5H₂O]和钨酸铵(H₄₀N₁₀O₄₁W₁₂·xH₂O)为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了低热膨胀的ZrO₂-ZrW₂O₈复合陶瓷, 着重研究了不同热处理条件对前驱体转变为ZrO₂-ZrW₂O₈复合陶瓷的影响, 并探讨了前驱体生成及其转变的反应历程. 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热膨胀仪等分析手段对样品的晶体结构、物相转变、断面微观形貌和热膨胀性能进行表征. 结果表明: 采用共沉淀法制备的前驱体在1150℃热处理2h可以合成高纯度、混合均匀的ZrO₂-ZrW₂O₈复合陶瓷; 随烧结时间的延长, ZrW₂O₈衍射峰半高宽逐渐减小, 晶粒在不断长大; ZrO₂-50wt%ZrW₂O₈复合陶瓷在30～600℃内的平均热膨胀系数为-3.2295×10^-6K^-1.     

球形Li_2FeSiO_4/C正极材料的制备与性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯、草酸亚铁、碳酸锂为原料采用两步沉淀工艺制备了球形Li_2FeSiO_4/C正极材料。利用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、交流阻抗分析(EIS)和恒流充放电测试方法对样品的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了分析。结果表明:850℃下进行10 h处理的样品材料颗粒呈球形形貌,颗粒尺寸在400~600nm之间,分布较为均匀;并且在该条件下制备的样品具有较高的电导率(1.244×10-13 cm2/S),在0.1C放电下的首次充电比容量为162.2 m Ah/g,放电比容量为153.1 m Ah/g,具有较高的库仑效率(94.4%),经过50周循环后容量保持率仍为87.9%,说明该方法制备的球形Li_2FeSiO_4/C材料具有良好的电化学性能。     

复合氧化物Ln0.67Sr0.33MnO3（Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm）的制备,结构与电性

本语文通过共沉淀工艺合成了复合氧化物Ｌｎ０．６７Ｓｒ０．３３ＭｎＯ３（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ）与传统陶瓷制备方法相比，成相温度降低约４５０℃，经Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，所得复合氧化物为立方钙钛矿结构，晶胞参数随稀土离子半径变化而呈规律性变化，样品的四极法电阻率测试结果表明；样品中的稀土离子Ｌｎ的离子半径对其本身的地电性起决定性的作用，应用双交换理论，样品中的稀土离子Ｌｎ的离子半径对其本身的导电性     

沉淀型Ni-La_2O_3/ZrO_2催化剂上CO_2甲烷化性能的研究

采用并流共沉淀法将不同量的稀土氧化物La2O3添加到Ni/ZrO2催化剂中,进行了XRD、TPR分析测试。结果表明,添加一定量的La2O3使催化剂的晶体结构发生变化,产生了新的物种,从而使催化剂表面改性,提高了NiO的分散度,有利于活性中心的形成,并且降低了催化剂的还原温度,当n(La)∶n(Ni)∶n(ZrO2)=0 4∶1∶1时效果最好;考察了反应温度和空速对CO2转化率的影响,在反应温度较低时,由于受到反应动力学的限制,CO2的转化率较低。     

钛酸钡纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成与研究

采用TiCl4和BaCl2·2H2O原料,以正丁醇为分散剂,NH4HCO3和NH3·H2O作为沉淀剂合成钛酸钡前驱体,在900 ℃煅烧制备分散性良好的钛酸钡纳米粉体.利用XRD、透射电镜(TEM)和 SEM等手段分析了反应温度、TiCl4浓度、分散剂掺杂量等反应参数对粉体的晶相组成、晶粒度、形貌等的影响,并且测试了相应陶瓷烧结体的介电常数.结果表明,反应温度为900 ℃,TiCl4浓度为0.6 mol/L,分散剂用量为3‰条件下,保温2 h可制备高分散性的纳米级粉体.用以上方法制备的粉体烧结而成的陶瓷片介电常数约为3 400.     

Catalysis at Lower Temperatures

Operating heterogeneous catalytic reactions at low temperatures offers the prospects of improved selectivity, better catalyst durability and lower running costs. In practice, though, low-temperature catalysis can be unpredictable and transitory. It often arises from fragile nano-scale interactions, which can be difficult to induce,and even more difficult to measure. In trying to understand these interactions some of the long accepted tenets of catalysis are brought into question. We are seeing, however, the emergence of some generic patterns of behavior, which may ultimately allow us to custom-design durable low-temperature catalysts.     

草酸共沉淀法制备的Y2O3:Eu2+发光性能

采用草酸共沉淀法,利用草酸盐的自氧化还原,制得了以Y2O3为基质及Eu2 为发光中心的荧光粉Y2O3:Eu2 .该法煅烧温度低、操作简单,不需要外界置入任何还原性物质,可将高价阳离子Eu3 还原为Eu2 ,降低了反应的危险性和生产成本.对Y2O3:Eu2 的荧光性质进行了表征,并进一步探讨了Eu2 荧光发射主峰产生较大红移现象的原因,以及发光强度与煅烧温度和Eu2 含量的关系.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiNi0.78Co0.2Al0.02O2 cathode material in a novel co-precipitation method

LiNi0.78 Co0.2 Al0.02O2 cathode materials were prepared with a novel co-precipitation method followed by heat-treating. The properties of the materials were characterized. XRD patterns showed that no secondary phase appeared and the hexagonal lattice parameter c of LiNi0.rsCoo.2AI~0202 was larger than that of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2. The SEM images indicated that the powders of the material were submicron size. The results of the ICP-AES analysis proved that elemental compositions of the material were similar to those of the targeted one. Cyclic voltammetry （3.0- 4. 2 V） illustrated that the new material had good lithium-ion intercalation/de-intercalation performance. The results of galvanostatic cycling showed that the initial specific discharge capacity of the prepared material was 181.4 mAh/g, and the specific discharge capacity was 177.3 mAh/g after 100 cycles （0. 2C, 3.0 - 4. 2 V, vs. Li^＋/Li） with the capacity retention ratio of 97.7%.     

化学共沉淀工艺制备钛酸锶钡纳米粉体

以硝酸钡、硝酸锶、草酸和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备草酸氧钛锶钡(BSTO,Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO(C2O4)2·4H2O)前躯体粉体,将该前躯体800℃煅烧4h得到钛酸锶钡(BST,Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3)纳米粉体。用差热分析仪研究BSTO的热分解过程,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究钛酸锶钡粉体的相组成和微观形貌。结果表明:BSTO前驱体的热分解过程可以分为失去结晶水、草酸氧钛跟(TiO(C2O4)22-)分解和BST结晶化3个阶段;所制备的钛酸锶钡粉体为高纯立方晶相,粉体呈类球状,平均粒径约为100nm。