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11.
Judge Timothy A.; Jackson Christine L.; Shaw John C.; Scott Brent A.; Rich Bruce L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,92(1):107
The present study estimated the unique contribution of self-efficacy to work-related performance controlling for personality (the Big 5 traits), intelligence or general mental ability, and job or task experience. Results, based on a meta-analysis of the relevant literatures, revealed that overall, across all studies and moderator conditions, the contribution of self-efficacy relative to purportedly more distal variables is relatively small. Within moderator categories, there were several cases in which self-efficacy made unique contributions to work-related performance. For example, self-efficacy predicted performance in jobs or tasks of low complexity but not those of medium or high complexity, and self-efficacy predicted performance for task but not job performance. Overall, results suggest that the predictive validity of self-efficacy is attenuated in the presence of individual differences, though this attenuation does depend on the context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Hughes Rosemary B.; Nosek Margaret A.; Howland Carol A.; Groff Janet Y.; Mullen Patricia Dolan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,48(3):182
Objective: To pilot test a health promotion intervention for women with physical disabilities. Design: Pre- and postintervention questionnaires. Participants: Two groups of women with physical disabilities (n=15). Intervention: Seven-session weekly workshop intervention grounded primarily in social-cognitive theory. Setting: Disability and rehabilitation settings. Main Outcome Measures: Indicators of health status. Results: Statistically significant positive changes between pre- and postintervention scores on measures of self-efficacy for dietary behaviors, medical decision making, social interaction, physical functioning, impact of physical limitation on role activities, and vitality. Conclusion: Women with disabilities who participate in this health promotion intervention may exhibit improvements on indicators of health status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
13.
Lowe Rob; Bennett Paul; Walker Ian; Milne Sarah; Bozionelos George 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,22(5):464
The theory of planned behavior suggests attitudes are a product of salient beliefs. This study examined whether aggregating salient beliefs was plausible within a more biologically centered information-processing environment. A neural network was used to examine associations among beliefs relating to exercise intention. Data on intentions and behavioral, normative, and control beliefs from 114 respondents were used to train (by error backpropagation) a neural network to associate beliefs with intention. The R2 between the network's estimated and self-reported intention was .66. The network's representation comprised 6 belief profiles associated with high, moderate, or low behavioral intention. The neural network accommodated complex relationships among beliefs and belief-intention associations and indicated how high-level constructs such as attitudes may be viewed as the best fit (compromise state) between aroused beliefs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
The toll in death, suffering, and displacement caused by conflicts engaging groups defined by ethnicity, nationality, religion, or other social identities has reached staggering proportions over the past decade. With expertise in research and intervention, psychologists have critical contributions to make to more fully understanding and more effectively confronting this distressing global phenomenon. The authors focus on the parallels between the core beliefs of individuals and the collective worldviews of groups that may operate to trigger or constrain violent struggles. On the basis of a review of relevant literatures, 5 belief domains--superiority, injustice, vulnerability, distrust, and helplessness--are identified as particularly important for further study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Rose Challenger Desmond J. Leach Christopher B. Stride Chris W. Clegg 《人机工程学与制造业中的人性因素》2012,22(3):197-212
Clegg and Spencer's (2007) model of job design synthesizes and extends recent conceptions of the job design process by incorporating variables such as knowledge, motivation, and trust into a cyclical and dynamic system. The objective of this study was to examine the sequential organization of variables that comprise the model, as a basis from which to justify further investigations of the model's dynamic properties. Data were collected via questionnaires from 432 participants in two work organizations. Results obtained from structural equation modeling are broadly supportive of the proposed relationships between the variables. Implications of this initial study for future research and practice are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
16.
In recent years, there has been a considerable growth of application of group technology in cellular manufacturing. This has led to investigation of the primary cell formation problem (CFP), both in classical and soft-computing domain. Compared to more well-known and analytical techniques like mathematical programming which have been used rigorously to solve CFPs, heuristic approaches have yet gained the same level of acceptance. In the last decade we have seen some fruitful attempts to use evolutionary techniques like genetic algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization to find solutions of the CFP. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of a fine grain variant of the predator-prey GA (PPGA) in CFPs. The algorithm has been adapted to emphasize local selection strategy and to maintain a reasonable balance between prey and predator population, while avoiding premature convergence. The results show that the algorithm is competitive in identifying machine-part clusters from the initial CFP matrix with significantly less number of iterations. The algorithm scaled efficiently for large size problems with competitive performance. Optimal cluster identification is then followed by removal of the bottleneck elements to give a final solution with minimum inter-cluster transition cost. The results give considerable impetus to study similar NP-complete combinatorial problems using fine-grain GAs in future. 相似文献
17.
对FK6-600牵伸加弹机主传动中"格里森"制圆弧螺旋齿轮的失效情况进行了考察和研究。通过对德国DIN867和我国JB110标准的分析,采用了等顶隙收缩齿并对其进行了合理改进,同时在现场安装工作中采取了必要措施,取得了较好的技术经济效果。 相似文献
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Jaewan Jeon Sungmin Lee Hyunwoo Kim Hyunkoo Kang HyeSook Youn Sunmi Jo BuHyun Youn Hae Yu Kim 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
Although there are many patients with brain tumors worldwide, there are numerous difficulties in overcoming brain tumors. Among brain tumors, glioblastoma, with a 5-year survival rate of 5.1%, is the most malignant. In addition to surgical operations, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally performed, but the patients have very limited options. Temozolomide is the most commonly prescribed drug for patients with glioblastoma. However, it is difficult to completely remove the tumor with this drug alone. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the potential of anticancer drugs, other than temozolomide, against glioblastomas. Since the discovery of cisplatin, platinum-based drugs have become one of the leading chemotherapeutic drugs. Although many studies have reported the efficacy of platinum-based anticancer drugs against various carcinomas, studies on their effectiveness against brain tumors are insufficient. In this review, we elucidated the anticancer effects and advantages of platinum-based drugs used in brain tumors. In addition, the cases and limitations of the clinical application of platinum-based drugs are summarized. As a solution to overcome these obstacles, we emphasized the potential of a novel approach to increase the effectiveness of platinum-based drugs. 相似文献
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