从低品位含金尾矿中回收金的堆浸参数研究

辽宁丹东某铜矿尾矿金品位为1.35 g/t,属低品位难处理金矿。采用柱浸模拟现场堆浸工艺条件,对工艺参数进行了模拟试验。条件实验表明,在浸出剂氰化钠浓度为0.10%、石灰水喷淋调整浸出液pH=11、矿层高度305 mm、在10℃以上浸出120 h,金浸出率为58.14%。放大试验延长浸出时间至480 h,金浸出率达到70%左右。获得的工艺参数可为堆浸生产提供指导。     

国产高钢级连续油管在川渝页岩气开发中的应用

针对进口油管价格高、供货周期长等现状,结合川渝页岩气藏的地质特征,采用国产高钢级连续油管在川渝页岩气井中进行施工作业,对国产高钢级连续油管和进口连续油管的使用寿命、下井次数以及平均下井时间进行了对比,并对连续油管在页岩气藏中的应用进行了介绍。结果表明,国产高钢级连续油管质量合格、性能稳定,在某些方面甚至优于进口连续油管,能在多种复杂环境中作业,完全满足川渝页岩气藏储层改造的施工要求,可替代进口油管从而为油田降本增效。     

Efficient ozonation of reverse osmosis concentrates from petroleum refinery wastewater using composite metal oxideloaded alumina

Novel Mn–Fe–Mg-and Mn–Fe–Ce-loaded alumina(Mn–Fe–Mg/Al_2O_3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al_2O_3) were developed to catalytically ozonate reverse osmosis concentrates generated from petroleum refinery wastewaters(PRW-ROC). Highly dispersed 100–300-nm deposits of composite multivalent metal oxides of Mn(Mn~(2+)), Mn~(3+),and Mn~(4+), Fe(Fe~(2+))and Fe~(3+) and Mg(Mg~(2+)), or Ce(Ce~(4+)) were achieved on Al_2O_3 supports. The developed Mn–Fe–Mg/Al_2O_3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al_2O_3 exhibited higher catalytic activity during the ozonation of PRW-ROC than Mn–Fe/Al_2O_3, Mn/Al_2O-3, Fe/Al_2O_3, and Al_2O_3. Chemical oxygen demand removal by Mn–Fe–Mg/Al_2O_3-or Mn–Fe–Ce/Al_2O_3-catalyzed ozonation increased by 23.9% and23.2%, respectively, in comparison with single ozonation.Mn–Fe–Mg/Al_2O_3 and Mn–Fe–Ce/Al_2O_3 notably promoted áOH generation and áOH-mediated oxidation. This study demonstrated the potential use of composite metal oxide-loaded Al_2O_3 in advanced treatment of bio-recalcitrant wastewaters.     

催化汽油加氢脱硫装置国V改造开工总结

介绍了1.8×10~(6 )t/a催化汽油加氢脱硫装置使用Axens公司Prime-G~+工艺进行国V改造后的工艺流程和改造内容,分析了装置改造后开工运行初期满负荷工况和初步优化情况。对开工过程中存在的问题进行分析并提出解决措施。结果表明,Prime-G~+工艺成熟可靠,轻、重及混合精制汽油的各项指标均达到国V汽油指标要求,通过减缓一段、二段加氢脱硫单元的脱硫率等初步优化措施,可降低辛烷值损失,降低辛烷值损失的措施可进一步优化。     

Preparation and evaluation of 30# hard grade asphalt

The preparation and evaluation of 30# hard grade asphalt by blending softening point hard deoil asphalt with several soft components were investigated. The results showed that the properties and proportions of blending soft components had a great influence on the properties of 30# asphalt. Chunfeng 70# asphalt and Maoming deoil asphalt were more suitable as blending soft components and their blended asphalt met the technical requirements of GB/T 15180-2010 when the proportion of hard deoil asphalt were 6–12% and 8–16%, respectively. PG grade results indicated that dynamic modulus of 30# asphalts at high temperature increased significantly, and antirutting ability was also improved notably, while the bending resistant ability at low temperature was slightly inferior to the high-grade asphalt. The results of mix performance tests showed that 30# hard grade asphalt had excellent anti–high-temperature deformation ability and preferable water stability compared with high-grade asphalts.     

Antibacterial activity of cranberry juice concentrate on freshness and sensory quality of ready to eat (RTE) foods

Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are not further treated before consumption in such a way that may significantly reduce the microbial load, therefore the risk of foodborne disease must be considered. In this regard, the use of natural antimicrobial compounds is an interesting method to be considered. On this topic, the antibacterial activity of cranberry juice concentrate (CJC) have been evaluated in vitro and in situ against 3 foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Results showed a high antimicrobial effect with a noticeable inhibition capacity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium. Acid sensitivity studies of bacteria indicated that at the same pH level (pH = 2.4) in presence of organic acid solution (citric and quinic acids), cranberry juice concentrate showed greater antibacterial effects than the acids due to their phenolic compounds. In situ studies showed 2.5, 1.8 and 5 log reduction of E. coli, L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, respectively in presence of cranberry juice concentrate, on pre-cut red peppers after 7 days of storage at 4 °C. A total inhibition of L. monocytogenes on fresh cranberry fruits in primary day of storage, was observed. Cranberries treated with CJC also showed a 3 log reduction of S. typhimurium after 4 days of storage at 4 °C. The results suggest that CJC can be an effective preservation, source of natural antibacterial, to protect the RTE foods from foodborne pathogens contamination without effecting on sensorial properties of treated samples and allow to maintain the freshness, sensory and the nutritional quality of RTE foods.     

热处理工艺对X80钢级Φ1 422 mm厚壁弯管组织及性能的影响

为了选择合理的热处理工艺使弯管的强度、冲击韧性以及表面硬度等指标达到良好的匹配,采用热模拟方法,通过拉伸、冲击、金相等试验,确定了X80钢级Φ1 422 mm大直径、厚壁弯管的热处理工艺。试验结果显示,随着淬火温度的升高,母材强度及表面硬度均明显升高,而冲击韧性显著降低;随着回火温度的升高,弯管屈服强度有所升高,抗拉强度有降低的趋势,而冲击韧性显示出先升高后降低的趋势。试验结果表明,当淬火温度为960 ℃,回火温度为560 ℃时,母材强度、表面硬度以及冲击韧性达到了良好的匹配,有利于获得稳定的组织。     

聚合物驱偏心分质注入技术

大庆油田主力油层聚驱结束后,聚驱驱替对象已转向渗透率更低、层间差异更大的二、三类油层,分注技术面临着新的矛盾。高渗透率油层需要控制注入量,同时要降低粘损率;低渗透油层要适当降低相对分子质量和粘度,以保证不堵塞油层又有足够的注入速度。为此,研究了聚合物驱偏心分质注入技术,可实现对分层相对分子质量、注入量的双重调节,并在注聚区块开展了现场试验,见到了明显效果。     

X80级管线钢管工程应用的几个问题

在对国内外大量文献和实际管道建设情况调研分析的基础上,结合国内X80级管线钢管的研究开发和产品试制结果,对我国管道界普遍关心的X80级管线钢管工程应用中的几个问题进行了论述.结果表明,采用高压输送及选用高钢级管材可以大量节约建设成本,是天然气管道发展的重要趋势.X80级已是国际上成熟的和标准的管线钢钢级,国际上在管道设计、生产、施工和运营等方面已有成熟经验.国内经过几年的研究开发首批试制的X80级管线钢管质量指标满足要求严格的X80级管线钢管应用工程标准要求,钢管实物质量与国外同类产品处于同一水平.国际上对输送普通天然气的X80级管道的断裂控制问题已经解决,根据对X80级管道启裂韧性和止裂韧性的分析研究及管道运行安全性的分析,用减薄壁厚的X80级替代X70级是安全的,也是可行的.未来X80级管线钢管在国际上的应用将会越来越广泛.实施X80级管线钢管工程应用是十分必要的.建议在未来大口径高压输气管线中优先选用X80级管线钢管.     

长输油气管道的钢管设计选用

介绍了长输油气管道用钢管的选用程序和原则.在此基础上,根据管输介质、管径、设计压力、自然条件等因素,结合几种常用钢管的优缺点,确定管型;在进行钢级的选择时,应考虑钢管可焊性、焊接工艺、壁厚圆整和最小壁厚等问题.