无患子表面活性物及其复配体系的性质研究

对天然植物原料无患子提取物中的表面活性物的性质（临界胶束浓度、表面张力和起泡性能）及其影响因素（温度、pH、水硬度和盐度等）进行了系统的研究，结果表明无患子表面活性物具有很低的cmc和γcmc，且在一定范围内受一些因素的影响也不大，是一种理想的香波原料；同时也研究了无患子活性物与其他温和型的阴离子表面活性剂的复配体系，表明具有明显的协同增效效果。     

Polyamidoamine dendrimers as curing agents: The optimum polyamidoamine concentration selected by dynamic torsional vibration method and thermogravimetric analyses

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were investigated as curing agents in bisphenol A epoxy resin systems. The cure behavior of epoxy resin/PAMAM at varying components was investigated by a dynamic torsional vibration method (DTVM); the thermal behavior of the materials was characterized by means of thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The DTVM results show that 10/100 parts of the resin (phr) PAMAM was the optimum concentration for 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 G PAMAM dendrimers/resin systems in our experiment. Also, the TGA results agreed with the conclusions made by the DTVM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1430–1434, 2007     

气固下行流化床反应器Ⅱ气固两相的流动规律

气固下行流化床反应器气固两相流动过程是比较复杂的，沿轴向气固两相运动可分为第一加速、第二加速和恒速３个运动段，沿径向局部气体速度、颗粒速度和颗粒浓度都具有不同程度的不均匀性。而这种不均匀性是由气固两相顺重力场湍动运动所决定的。和循环床提升管相比，下行管反应器气固两相沿径向分布的不均匀性得到有效地改善，气固可以实现超短接触操作，因而是一种新型高效气固超短接触反应器     

Corrosion inhibition of triethanolammonium bromide mono- and dibenzoate as cationic inhibitors in an acidic medium

A weight loss technique was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of synthesized alkyl mono-and dibenzoate triethanolammonium bromide derivatives (TEAMB, TEADB) in an acidic medium (2 N HCl) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that monoderivatives had a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than diderivatives. The results were correlated with several factors, including the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic chains, interfacial tension (IT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. Increasing the geometric length of the alkyl chains in the synthesized inhibitors had an increasing effect on their corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas decreasing the CMC and IT had an increasing effect on their tendency toward corrosion inhibition. The number of hydrophobic chains attached to the inhibitor molecules had a vital influence on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors.     

Near Wall Studies of Pulp Suspension Flow Using LDA

A detailed study of the flow behaviour in the near wall region of pulp suspensions up to 4.7% have been performed using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) in pipe flow. Axial mean velocity profiles show a distinct plug flow and an increase of the plug region as the flow rate decreases and fibre concentration increases. An attempt is made to relate the LDA data‐rate to fibre concentration, which indicates a dilution region at 1‐2 mm from the wall that is larger than the annulus region. The dilution region increases with increasing flow rate, decreasing concentration and when using longer pulp fibres.     

基于SVM模型的妫水河叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演

以北京市妫水河为研究区,基于2011年9月25日和2012年9月30日的两期叶绿素a浓度实测数据和准同步的环境一号卫星(HJ-1A)多光谱数据,分别构建一元线性和多元支持向量机模型(SVMM),通过决定系数R²和平均相对误差对模型的精度进行检验,用模型进行水体叶绿素a浓度的反演,并分析其时空分布特征。研究表明:在样本数较少的情况下,SVM具有很强的非线性映射能力,能够取得较好的预测结果,更适用于反演叶绿素a浓度。时间分布上,研究区叶绿素a浓度呈增加趋势,均值上升了6.86 μg/L;空间分布上,深水区叶绿素a浓度值低于浅水区,上游高于下游。国产HJ-1A CCD2多光谱数据以其4 d的时间分辨率,在水质动态变化监测方面具有优势。     

IGA-DFNN在瓦斯浓度预测中的应用

为了准确预测采煤工作面的瓦斯浓度,提出免疫遗传算法优化的动态模糊神经网络瓦斯浓度动态预测方法。用无线传感网络系统采集工作面瓦斯浓度数据作为样本,通过小波分析对样本数据进行降噪滤波预处理。采用IGA算法对DFNN网络参数进行优化,建立了瓦斯浓度的预测模型。通过MATLAB仿真研究表明,所建模型对采煤工作面的瓦斯浓度演变趋势预测合理,并且经过IGA算法优化DFNN网络比单纯的DFNN网络具有更快、更准确的预测功能,可以为防治煤矿瓦斯积聚提供更好的理论支持。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液聚集性质的研究

用滴体积法测出十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）稀水溶液的表面张力；然后求出其临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）。同时通过溶液的电导率、吸收光谱以及荧光光谱测定求出其ＣＭＣ。这样测出的ＣＭＣ值为１．２～１．６×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与文献值相符。也研究了部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＨＰＡＭ）对ＳＤＢＳ聚集性质的影响；发现ＳＤＢＳ的ＣＭＣ值随ＰＨＰＡＭ的加人而减少并且ＰＨＰＡＭ水溶液的粘度随ＳＤＢＳ的存在而急剧降低（类似盐效应）。这些方法与性质对强化采油（ＥＯＲ）是重要的。     

Tocopherol oil concentration in field-grown sunflower is accounted for by oil weight per seed

Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and perform important biological activities. Significant variations (389 to 1873 μg g oil⁻¹) in the total tocopherol concentration of sunflower seed oil have been reported. The main objectives of this work were to determine the influence of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation on tocopherol concentration during seed filling and to establish and validate relationships between tocopherol concentration in oil and other quality variables of the seed. Seven sunflower hybrids were grown under good water and nutritional conditions in two similar experiments carried out in two contrasting environments. Treatments were applied to modify the amount of radiation intercepted per plant during seed filling in order to obtain a range in oil yield per plant and its components. Greater per plant intercepted radiation decreased the tocopherol concentration in oil. Tocopherol concentration decreased when oil weight per seed increased. Tocopherol concentration stabilized for oil weight per seed higher than 23 mg oil seed⁻¹. This exponential relationship accounted for 73% of the variability in tocopherol concentration (507 to 1203 μg g oil⁻¹) despite differences in hull type, locations, hybrids, and radiation treatments. The proposed relationship acceptably predicted independent results. Crop management techniques could lead to seeds with greater concentrations of tocopherols.     

Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of amphiphilic block copolymer self‐aggregates formed by poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)

Diblock copolymers with different poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) block lengths were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG‐OH, MW 2000) as initiator. The self‐aggregation behaviors and microscopic characteristics of the diblock copolymer self‐aggregates, prepared by the diafiltration method, were investigated by using ¹H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The PEG–PCL block copolymers formed the self‐aggregate in an aqueous environment by intra‐ and/or intermolecular association between hydrophobic PCL chains. The critical aggregation concentrations of the block copolymer self‐aggregate became lower with increasing hydrophobic PCL block length. On the other hand, reverse trends of mean hydrodynamic diameters were measured by DLS owing to the increasing bulkiness of the hydrophobic chains and hydrophobic interaction between the PCL microdomains. The partition equilibrium constants (K_v) of pyrene, measured by fluorescence spectroscopy, revealed that the inner core hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles increased with increasing PCL chain length. The aggregation number of PCL chain per one hydrophobic microdomain, investigated by the fluorescence quenching method using cetylpyridinium chloride as a quencher, revealed that 4–20 block copolymer chains were needed to form a hydrophobic microdomain, depending on PCL block length. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3520–3527, 2006