Leading by example: The case of leader OCB.

The importance of leading by personal example or role modeling for effective leadership has been recognized in many leadership theories. However, leaders' ability to influence group behavior through exemplary behavior has received little attention in empirical work. This study explores leading by example through theoretical development and empirical testing of a moderated mediation model of the potential effects of leader organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This model suggests that a leader's OCB may promote group OCB directly and indirectly by enhancing the group's belief that OCB is worthy. It also specifies the moderators of the direct and indirect effects of leader OCB on group OCB. Data from 683 members of 67 intact work groups, 67 group managers, and their supervisors support the hypothesized model. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

隧道衬砌结构火灾安全及高温力学行为研究

国内外大量的火灾案例表明,隧道内一旦发生火灾,除了会对隧道内的人员、设备造成损害外,也会对衬砌结构产生不同程度的损伤,进而影响衬砌结构的力学性能,严重降低衬砌结构的安全性。借助缩尺及足尺火灾试验、理论分析等手段,对衬砌结构防火涉及到的火灾场景、衬砌结构高温力学行为及安全性评估方法开展了研究,系统得到了衬砌结构管片、接头及衬砌环在火灾高温时(高温后)的力学行为,并建立了能全面反映温度随时间、空间变化的火灾场景及其设计方法与衬砌结构火灾安全性的模糊综合评估方法。     

Seeker optimization algorithm for global optimization: A case study on optimal modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

In order to optimize the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model parameters, a novel approach based on seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) is proposed. The SOA is based on the concept of simulating human searching behaviors, where the choice of search direction is based on the empirical gradient by evaluating the response to the position changes and the decision of step length is based on uncertainty reasoning by using a simple Fuzzy rule. In this study, after evaluated on benchmark function optimization, the SOA is applied to optimal modelling of the PEMFC by using a fuel cell test system in Fuel Cell Application Centre (FAC) at the Temasek Polytechnic, and compared with several state-of-the-art versions of differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is superior to other compared algorithms, and the PEMFC model with optimized parameters by SOA fitted experimental data well. Hence, SOA is an effective and reliable technique for optimizing the parameters of PEMFC model, and can be helpful for system analysis, optimization design and real-time control of the PEMFCs.     

薛村矿2号煤最短自然发火期的研究

在前人研究的基础上，对薛村矿2号煤取样进行了升温氧化实验，测定了升温过程中各种气体的生成量。并根据生成这些气体的键能值计算了氧化升温过程中的放热量，再由DSC实验测定的不同温度下煤的比热容，分段计算了达到临界温度需要的时间，进而确定了煤层的最短自然发火期，测定结果与实际统计的自然发火期比较符合。     

Role of Dorsomedial Hypothalamus GABAergic Neurons in Sleep–Wake States in Response to Changes in Ambient Temperature in Mice

Good sleep quality is essential for maintaining the body’s attention during wakefulness, which is easily affected by external factors such as an ambient temperature. However, the mechanism by which an ambient temperature influences sleep–wake behaviors remains unclear. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been reported to be involved in thermoregulation. It also receives projection from the preoptic area, which is an important region for sleep and energy homeostasis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus—a main control area of the clock rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the DMH plays an important role in the regulation of sleep related to ambient temperatures. In this study, we found that cold exposure (24/20/16/12 °C) increased wakefulness and decreased non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while warm exposure (32/36/40/44 °C) increased NREM sleep and decreased wakefulness compared to 28 °C conditions in wild-type mice. Then, using non-specific and specific apoptosis, we found that lesions of whole DMH neurons and DMH γ–aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons induced by caspase-3 virus aggravated the fluctuation of core body temperature after warm exposure and attenuated the change in sleep–wake behaviors during cold and warm exposure. However, chemogenetic activation or inhibition of DMH GABAergic neurons did not affect the sleep–wake cycle. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of DMH GABAergic neurons in the regulation of sleep–wake behaviors elicited by a change in ambient temperature.     

钢铁生产的水能关系分析

从钢铁生产过程中水资源使用时的能耗角度研究了钢铁联合企业的水能关系,提出了水能强度的概念来评价企业生产过程中水资源利用的节能水平,建立了钢铁企业的水能关系模型。以中国某大型钢铁联合企业为例,计算并分析了该企业的水能关系。该企业总的水能量为55 709 kW·h/h,重复用水水能量占整个钢铁企业全部水能量的82%,补水水能量占16%,排水水能量占1%;各工序中热轧工序占比最大,其次是炼铁、炼钢工序,冷轧、烧结和炼焦工序较低。该企业的吨钢水能强度为0.208 kW·h/m3,炼铁工序的水能强度最高,热轧、炼钢工序次之,烧结、冷轧和炼焦工序较低。最后,从钢铁生产过程水资源利用的角度得到节能的方向及措施。     

Impact of surfactants on the lipase digestibility of gum arabic-stabilized O/W emulsions

The bioavailability of lipids from an emulsion can be controlled and regulated by the property of the stabilizing interfacial layer. Here we evaluate how low-molecular weight surfactants including hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Tween 80 (T80) influence the interfacial behavior of lipase and bile extract on the surface of lipid droplets stabilized with gum arabic (GA). The lipolysis behavior was influenced by surfactant type and concentration. The results showed that anionic SDS could completely displace GA from droplet surface. Cationic CTAB might either adsorb onto existing GA layers or displace GA, whereas non-ionic T80 could co-adsorb with GA on the interface. When the concentration of surfactants was much higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), all the surfactants would form a dense adsorption layer on the droplet interface to prevent lipase from the direct contact with lipids. A considerable amount of surfactant in the aqueous phase may also compete with the bile salt and lipase, thus leading to suppressed digestion of lipids. Ionic surfactants would denature the lipase resulting in reduced enzyme activity, and T80 micelles may interact with the lipase, hindering their adsorption onto the droplet interface as well. These results were confirmed both by the digestion model and interfacial techniques. The results provided guidance for the development of emulsion-based delivery systems for functional lipid foods.     

不同米蛋白组分与镉的结合规律

对制备的4种不同米蛋白样品与镉进行结合动力学、热力学分析,结果表明:4种蛋白与镉结合的速度均非常快,30min就达到了反应平衡;其中,醇溶蛋白与镉的结合量最高(23.78mg/g),球蛋白的q值最低(3.64mg/g);结合过程符合准二级动力学模型;与Freundlich模型相比,Langmuir模型能更好地用来描述4种蛋白的等温吸附;结合反应的ΔG°值均为负值,而ΔH°均为正值,表明都是自发的吸热反应;酶提蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的ΔH°分别为41.44,40.32,58.75kJ/mol,推测它们与镉的结合是配位结合,其中醇溶蛋白可能是多齿配位;氨基酸组成的不同,可能是影响4种米蛋白与镉结合的主要因素,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量之和与q值的相关性达到了0.967。     

车载燃料电池诊断装置的研究

介绍了一种特殊的车载燃料电池诊断装置,该装置包括控制单元、燃料气体供给单元、电力调整单元、冷却单元和电力消耗单元.该装置可以精确地再现车辆行驶期间燃料电池堆的异常情况,便于在修理车间对其进行彻查,及时发现并排除故障.当燃料电池的冷却系统或燃料气体供给系统受到损坏时,利用该诊断装置的冷却单元和燃料气体供给单元也可以对燃料电池堆进行准确的诊断.