Strategic dependence on the IT resource and outsourcing: A test of the strategic control model

Using resource dependency theory (RDT), this research analyzes how organizations control their information technology resources to improve organizational performance. According to RDT, organizations must manage their dependency on external organizations and limit external dependencies when resources are considered critical. The current study proposes and tests a portion of a Strategic Control Model positing that managers seek to control important, strategic resources in order to create value for the firm and to avoid dependency on external entities. Utilizing a research design that captured extensive quantitative data on the control of IT functions and services, the research team gathered 5 years of data on 54 business units (BUs) in 27 global companies located in seven countries. Study examined the linkages of these 54 BUs to firm performance. Locating the Extent of Control within the firm in cases where the firm depends on IT as a strategic resource proves to be a good explanation for effective decisions leading to higher performance. Viewing IT as a strategic resource alone does not lead to positive business unit outcomes, but the moderating influence of Extent of Control is found to establish the complex statistical relationship with business unit performance. For these reasons, it is critical that a theoretically grounded firm-wide process for decisions on locating IT control is in place to capture business value.

话语标记语在法庭问答中的语境制约作用

在交际过程中,为了让听话人更好地理解话语,说话人可以向听话人提供明示导向的话语标记,从而对一系列的语境假设加以制约以减少听话人处理话语所需付出的努力。以关联理论为框架,通过对一份近五万字的法庭庭审语料进行分析,阐述了话语标记语对语境的制约作用主要表现在三个方面,即加强现时语境、消除现时语境以及产生新的语境暗含。     

日语中的语用含糊现象及语用功能

通过对日语中语用含糊现象的介绍,总结了语用含糊现象的四大语用功能,即增强话语理解的语境依赖性,扩大话语的解释范围,加大表达方式与概念之间的距离,以及语用含糊现象的幽默功能。对日语的含蓄、暧昧、模糊表达从语用学角度予以论述。     

The psychologist and hospital policy: A report from the real world.

Discusses the hospital as a "city-state" and how psychologists' skills can be applied there. Decision making by hospital staff is discussed in terms of meta-issues. Psychologists have useful hospital skills apart from the traditional roles of assessment, therapy, and program evaluation. These skills include the knack of conceptualizing complex and dynamic situations and of using their own reactions as an instrument to understand special interests involved, shift the balance of incentives, and improve communication. (1 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

人工智能中的上下文推理

对上下文推理的原理和形式进行了阐述,讨论了上下文推理的形式化问题,并给出一个利用MCS对问题进行形式化表示和求解的实例。     

论翻译中的语境化

在翻译实践中,由于语境裂缝的存在,译者有责任建构译文读者和原文作者之间的交际和谐,这一建构过程称为翻译中的语境化过程.从翻译理解和表达过程两个方面探讨了翻译中的语境化.     

Collinearity and Parallelism are Statistically Significant Second-Order Relations of Complex Cell Responses

By investigating the second-order statistics of Gabor wavelet responses derived from natural images, we show that collinearity and parallelism are conspicuous relations. We give a precise mathematical characterization of these Gestalt principles by the conditional probability of two responses. Essential for our investigations is a non-linear transformation, initially utilized within the object recognition system [5], which transforms continuous Gabor wavelet responses into a binary code indicating the presence or absence of local oriented line segments.     

Extracting Hidden Context

Concept drift due to hidden changes in context complicates learning in many domains including financial prediction, medical diagnosis, and communication network performance. Existing machine learning approaches to this problem use an incremental learning, on-line paradigm. Batch, off-line learners tend to be ineffective in domains with hidden changes in context as they assume that the training set is homogeneous. An off-line, meta-learning approach for the identification of hidden context is presented. The new approach uses an existing batch learner and the process of contextual clustering to identify stable hidden contexts and the associated context specific, locally stable concepts. The approach is broadly applicable to the extraction of context reflected in time and spatial attributes. Several algorithms for the approach are presented and evaluated. A successful application of the approach to a complex flight simulator control task is also presented.     

Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Associated With Lateralized Expression of the Immediate Early Gene c-fos in the Central and Basolateral Amygdalar Nuclei.

Fos, the protein product of the immediate early gene c-fos, was used to map functional circuitry underlying contextual conditioned fear. Male rats were given footshocks in a distinctive context and later tested using freezing as the behavioral measure and compared with no-shock and no-retention-test control groups. An increased number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was found in the lateral part of the central nucleus and in the anterior basolateral and lateral amygdalar nuclei in the brains of the conditioned-fear group compared with controls. Further, a greater number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was observed in the right central and anterior basolateral nuclei compared with the number of labeled neurons in these structures on the left. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)