基于高性能计算的SWAT参数敏感度分析并行框架

随着大规模水文模拟需求的不断提高,如何解决计算需求问题逐渐成为水文研究的一个热点.SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型在进行大规模水文模拟时有着良好的适应性与准确度,但其敏感度分析模块由于计算量过高,计算时长往往长达数月之久.为了加快SWAT敏感度分析的运行速度,针对SWAT敏感度分析模块的特点,基于MPI提出了一种高效的主—从式并行计算框架,并在此框架的基础上,通过将正演过程并行化,在敏感度分析的主—从并行框架中引入通信子空间的操作,将并行化的正演与主—从式的外层并行框架相结合,得到一种混合式的敏感度分析并行框架,大大提高了对参数集合的敏感度分析速度,将SWAT敏感度分析模块使用的处理器数量从原始的单核串行一跃提升到百核的数量级.最后通过天山北坡流域的模拟验证了此并行框架的可行性.     

同振式三轴向矢量水听器设计与实现

根据实际工程需要,设计、制作同振式三轴向矢量水听器,其外形为柱体两端带半球帽的圆柱体,声压通道和矢量通道在结构上结合为一体。矢量水听器外形尺寸为Φ54×72 mm、工作频带为20 Hz~2000 Hz。在国防科技工业水声一级计量站驻波管对研制的矢量水听器进行了测试,测试结果表明：声压通道声压灵敏度级为-192.7 dB（0 dB=1 V/mPa）、具有全指向性;矢量通道声压灵敏度级为-185.3 dB（测试频率500 Hz,0 dB=1 V/mPa）、具有余弦指向性。设计、制作的矢量水听器灵敏度高、通道一致性好、使用方便,满足工程应用需求。     

对比度、颜色一致性和灰度像素保持的消色算法

目的 为了解决目前消色算法中不能同时保持原始图像的对比度,颜色一致性和灰度像素特征的问题,提出一种新的优化算法,最大限度地同时保留这些视觉特性。方法 为了保持原始图像的结构和局部对比度信息,用双高斯模型构建像素对之间的误差能量项;为了保持颜色一致性,采用局部线性嵌入模型构建能量项,确保原始图像中颜色一致的像素在结果图像中也拥有一样的灰度级;为了保持灰度像素特征,先标记出原始图像中的灰度像素,并强制规定这些像素的灰度值是已知的且在消色变换的过程中始终不变,然后用双高斯模型构建出灰度像素与其他像素之间的误差能量项。线性结合这3个能量项,得到目标能量函数,再通过迭代法求解出使总能量值达到最小的灰度值,从而得到了最终的消色结果。结果 实验结果表明,本文算法能够同时较好地保持原始图像中的对比度、颜色一致性和灰度像素特征。结论 本文算法基本符合人类对图像对比度变化的感知程度,而且能够很好地保持细节信息和全局结构,可应用于数字打印、模式识别等方面,具有很大的应用价值。     

Sparkle measurement revisited: A closer look at the details

Four years after introduction of the first instrument for measurement of sparkle, the foundations have been reconsidered, and the pool of practical experience has been analyzed to provide a more detailed and complete picture of the subject matter. The following aspects are introduced and discussed: observation conditions and resulting requirements for imaging (sampling) and filtering, analysis of spatial periods and frequencies as a basis for filtering, spatial filtering concepts, sparkle in the frequency domain, sparkle evaluation based on analysis of single images and difference images, origins of unwanted sparkle components, scaling and offset in sparkle evaluation, and verification of the method.     

Predictive control for voltage collapse avoidance using a modified discrete multi-valued PSO algorithm

Voltage stability is one of the most challenging concerns that power utilities are confronted with, and this paper proposes a voltage control scheme based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) to overcome this kind of instability. Voltage instability has a close relation with the adequacy of reactive power and the response of Under Load Tap Changers (ULTCs) to the voltage drop after the occurrence of a contingency. Therefore, the proposed method utilizes reactive power injection and tap changing to avoid voltage collapse. Considering discrete nature of the changes in the tap ratio and also in the reactive power injected by capacitor banks, the search area for the optimizer of MPC will be an integer area; consequently, a modified discrete multi-valued Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is considered to perform this optimization. Simulation results of applying the proposed control scheme to a 4-bus system confirm its capability to prevent voltage collapse.     

In-focus electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated biological samples with a Boersch phase plate

We report the implementation of an electrostatic Einzel lens (Boersch) phase plate in a prototype transmission electron microscope dedicated to aberration-corrected cryo-EM. The combination of phase plate, C_s corrector and Diffraction Magnification Unit (DMU) as a new electron-optical element ensures minimal information loss due to obstruction by the phase plate and enables in-focus phase contrast imaging of large macromolecular assemblies. As no defocussing is necessary and the spherical aberration is corrected, maximal, non-oscillating phase contrast transfer can be achieved up to the information limit of the instrument. A microchip produced by a scalable micro-fabrication process has 10 phase plates, which are positioned in a conjugate, magnified diffraction plane generated by the DMU. Phase plates remained fully functional for weeks or months. The large distance between phase plate and the cryo sample permits the use of an effective anti-contaminator, resulting in ice contamination rates of <0.6 nm/h at the specimen. Maximal in-focus phase contrast was obtained by applying voltages between 80 and 700 mV to the phase plate electrode. The phase plate allows for in-focus imaging of biological objects with a signal-to-noise of 5-10 at a resolution of 2-3 nm, as demonstrated for frozen-hydrated virus particles and purple membrane at liquid-nitrogen temperature.     

Imaging with low-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy: a quantitative analysis

A dedicated specimen holder has been designed to perform low-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy in dark field mode. Different test samples, namely InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells, InGaAs nanowires and thick InGaAs layers, have been analysed to test the reliability of the model based on the proportionality to the specimen mass-thickness, generally used for image intensity interpretation of scattering contrast processes. We found that size of the probe, absorption and channelling must be taken into account to give a quantitative interpretation of image intensity. We develop a simple procedure to evaluate the probe-size effect and to obtain a quantitative indication of the absorption coefficient. Possible artefacts induced by channelling are pointed out. With the developed procedure, the low voltage approach can be successfully applied for quantitative compositional analysis. The method is then applied to the estimation of the In content in the core of InGaAs/GaAs core-shell nanowires.     

An introduction to the Information Display Measurement Standard 1, the first display measurement standard from the International Committee for Display Metrology

On June 1, 2012, the Information Display Measurement Standard version 1 was released. This is the first standard from the worldwide standard group, the International Committee for Display Metrology, a standards committee within SID, and it culminates several years worth of development from many contributors at various levels. It has 26 top‐level chapters and a total over 450 sections of all parts, including over 200 measurement sections and 8 appendices that cover 133 topics of display metrology, tutorials, technical discussions, and references. Herein is an overview of the Information Display Measurement Standard version 1, including the structure of the document, tips, tricks, and hidden features, how it is maintained, support material, a breakdown of its contents, and finally, a sampling of four of the over 200 measurements. The standard is available as a free download and can be found on the International Committee for Display Metrology home page — http://www.icdm‐sid.org .     

刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿矿区边坡敏感性分析

敏感性分析在露采矿山边坡角优化和矿山滑坡治理中具有重要作用和意义.以刚果(金)SICOMINES露天矿2一2'边坡为例,考虑重度、粘聚力、内摩擦角、地下水等敏感因子,通过敏感性分析,明确了矿区滑坡治理的主要对象;通过坡角敏感性分析,为矿区提供了最合理边坡角.就本例而言,原设计边坡角处于稳定,可进行边坡角加陡,提高边坡角...     

基于加权数据融合和相关性的微型电子测压器改进的动态校准方法

为确保微型电子测压器在高温、高压、高冲击的实测环境中的测试精度,缩短校准周期,设计了模拟火炮膛内压力环境下的微型电子测压器动态校准系统,并从"虚拟"标准测试系统的建立和测压器动态灵敏度的计算两方面介绍了原始和改进的动态校准方法.对比分析其结果可知,改进的动态校准方法不仅能提高微型电子测压器的测试精度,而且能有效缩短校准周期,从而验证了改进的动态校准方法的可行性和合理性.