盐井水平对接钻井技术

钻一口通过主采盐层的水平井与已完成的直井对接，形成连通井(形如“U”字)，一口井注水溶解盐／芒硝矿，另一口井采出卤水，这是盐化工业对钻井提出的要求。针对水平对接盐井井身轨迹设计、着陆段、水平段的轨迹控制和连通技术，介绍了水平段侧钻时的钻井液技术。     

谢尔渣油气化油改气控制系统的改造

介绍了Shell渣油气化装置将渣油原料改为天然气时控制系统的改造方案。提出的改造思路不但可用于Shell渣油气化，也可用于德士古渣油气化的油改气工程中。     

SLIMLINE+K型多功能撬装双滚筒试井绞车简介

SLIMLINE K型多功能撬装双滚筒试井绞车为整体式结构，多用于海上平台，可进行电子压力计和机械压力计试井，以及井下工具的投放、震击、打捞等完井作业。该试井绞车采用先进的数控技术，使起下纲丝／电缆实现自动化控制，该系统能够对斜井、定向井进行随钻测试。     

S7-226PLC与MM440变频器在光缆护套机中的应用

本文介绍了由西门子S7—226PLC与MM440变频器组成的电气控制系统在光缆护套机速度控制中的应用。并对该系统的控制原理作了详细的阐述。     

天铁炼钢厂四流中间包流场的水模实验及优化

介绍了天铁炼钢厂中间包水模实验原理和过程，分析了斜、直、圆三种型式挡渣墙模拟结果，提出了合理的挡渣控流方案，在生产实践中使用效果良好。     

印品质量控制中的密度测量与色度测量

在印刷品质量控制中为了得到更多的可靠数值,越来越多地选择用仪器测量法来代替主观评价法.这就是密度测量法和色度测量法.     

Improving Cost Estimates of Construction Projects Using Phased Cost Factors

Central to cost-based competition is the capability to accurately predict the cost of delivering a project. Most literature on cost estimation focuses on specific estimation methods as generic techniques and little attention has been paid to the unique requirements at each project stage. This note attempts to identify the critical factors for effective estimation at various stages of typical construction projects. Drawing from organization control theory and cost estimating literature, this note develops a theoretical framework that identifies the critical factors for effective cost estimation during each project phase of a conventional construction project. The underlying logic is that as a cost estimating effort progresses, both task programmability and output measurability improve. As a result, control effort will shift from input-oriented control to a combination of output and behavior control.     

Developing Cost Response Models for Company-Level Cost Flow Forecasting of Project-Based Corporations

The difficulty in applying the standard curve (S-curve) and cost-schedule integration (CSI) techniques for company-level cost flow forecasting in a project-based industry is the prerequisite of forecasting future unknown individual projects and contract classifications. By analyzing cost flows at the company level through a pool of macroeconomic and internal financial data, this paper proposes an innovative approach to firm-specific model estimation. First, a series of data transformations introduce linear relationships between cost, macroeconomic, and internal financial variables. Second, multivariate regression analysis is employed for initial model building. Third, for the purposes of model restructuring, a subsequent application of Yule–Walker estimates and incomplete principal component analysis is used. This paper uses a sample of four project-based construction firms to demonstrate model performance. Using this methodology, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of the forecasting models range from 0.27 to 0.60%. As such, the transformed cost, macroeconomic, internal financial data could strongly predict company-level cost flow forecasting. While converting the predicted cumulative cost data to periodic cost flows, the MAPE values were augmented, ranging from 7.04 to 17.55%, thus, requiring future research.     

变频器的现状与发展动向

本文从开关元件、调制策略、控制保护、主电路拓扑及智能化五个方面，综述了变频器的现状与发展动向。     

油气井智能电子防盗阀门

为了有效扼制油田油井原油被盗的现象，减少因被盗及破坏带来的经济损失，研制出GMS3000油气井智能电子防盗阀门。该电子防盗阀门采用了新颖的防盗控制电路和精密的机械联动机构，通过计算机和管理软件得到相应的阀门授权控制，测量结果自动记录、控制阀门的编号和阀门的联动方式，并给予相应的显示。具有可靠、安全、便捷的特点。应用效果表明，达到了油井防盗、防破坏的目的，收到了良好的使用效果，为油田生产安全和提高经济效益提供了可靠的保障。