The Effects of Different Cranial Modules on Mechanical Properties of Cranial Suture in Lewis Rats and Same-aged C57BL/6 Mice

Abstract:  In this study we aimed at investigating size effects on mechanical properties of cranial suture in different animal research models. Lewis rats and C57BL/6 mice were selected as the larger research model and smaller research model, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of different cranial modules of cranial sutures in Lewis rats and same-aged C57BL/6 mice. Ten sagittal sutures were harvested from 4-month-old Lewis rats and C57BL/6 mice. The specimens, kept moist, were mounted fresh and distracted until rupture. A load–displacement curve was constructed. The stiffness, Young's modulus, fracture stress and fracture energy were calculated. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and fracture mechanisms are discussed. Cranial modules in Lewis rats and same-aged C57BL/6 mice are also provided. The results show differences between the two groups, with higher values from Lewis rat. Higher mechanical properties occurred mainly on the large type of cranial module in this mammalian system.     

低功率氦氖激光照射对拔牙创愈合的促进作用

目的:观察激光照射对拔牙窝愈合的疗效,对100例拔牙病人进行了临床观察。方法:采用低功率氦氖激光对50例拔牙病人在拔牙后的三周照射10次,另50例对照组拔牙病人则仅作常规处理。观察两组病人拔牙窝的愈合和牙槽骨的重建并做比较。结果:激光照射组的拔牙窝愈合速度明显较快,但牙槽骨的重建则差异很小。结论:研究表明拔牙后低功率氦氖激光照射拔牙窝能促进拔牙创的修复。     

基于最小二乘法的婴幼儿头型检测方法研究

针对婴幼儿头部畸形缺乏快速测量诊断方法,精确测量依赖于3D扫描仪,成本高昂、缺乏统一指标等问题,设计了一种新型婴幼儿头型测量诊断机构.首先给出了该设备的检测原理及数据采集方法;其次详细介绍了基于最小二乘法的椭圆拟合快速检测方法,该方法可以直观地获得婴儿头部的各项参数,快速有效地获得被检测婴幼儿头型信息.最后通过示例证明,该方法能够快速检测出婴幼儿头型轮廓,为婴幼儿的临床检查提供了方便有效的途径.     

基于数值模拟的钛合金颅骨修复体多点成形工艺设计

利用多点成形技术成形个性化钛合金颅骨修复体是一种新的数字化制造方法。文章采用动态显式有限元软件,依据实际成形条件建立有限元模型,对选用不同厚度的钢质垫板以及不同润滑条件下钛合金颅骨修复体的成形过程进行模拟,预测可能出现的破裂和起皱缺陷,分析采用不同工艺时成形缺陷的产生原因,并确定了能够获得良好结果的成形工艺。结果表明,采用有压边的多点成形方式,并使用钢质垫板和油润滑以后,可以抑制破裂和起皱缺陷的发生,得到合格的钛合金颅骨修复体,保证颅骨修复体个性化制造的成形质量。实验结果证明,模拟结果和实际吻合良好。     

分期钛金属网修补和脑室-腹腔分流术治疗颅脑损伤后颅骨缺损并脑积水

目的：总结颅脑损伤后颅骨缺损并脑积水患者分期行脑室-腹腔（V-P）分流术与颅骨修补术治疗的临床经验。方法对44例分期行V-P分流术及颅骨修补手术的颅脑损伤后颅骨缺损并脑积水患者的临床资料（38例患者一期先行V-P分流术,6例患者一期先行颅骨修补术）进行回顾性分析,对其临床资料、并发症及预后进行总结。结果44例患者无手术死亡。术后发生分流管堵塞1例（2．2％）、颅内感染1例（2．2％）、分流过度出现脑室裂隙样改变2例（4．5％）及并发癫痫或加重3例（6．8％）,均经对症处理后缓解。术后1个月进行GCS评估,29例（65．9％）神经功能障碍均有不同程度地改善,15例（34．1％）无明显变化;复查CT或MRI示：原室管膜下水肿均有改善或完全消失,29例（65．9％）脑室基本恢复正常。术后6个月行GOS评分：良好23例（52．2％）,中残14例（31．8％）,重残或植物生存7例（16．0％）。结论颅脑损伤术后颅骨缺损、脑积水、脑膨出严重影响患者预后,分期行V-P分流术及颅骨修补手术并发症少,可明显改善患者意识及神经功能障碍,改善患者预后。     

Cranial sutures work collectively to distribute strain throughout the reptile skull

The skull is composed of many bones that come together at sutures. These sutures are important sites of growth, and as growth ceases some become fused while others remain patent. Their mechanical behaviour and how they interact with changing form and loadings to ensure balanced craniofacial development is still poorly understood. Early suture fusion often leads to disfiguring syndromes, thus is it imperative that we understand the function of sutures more clearly. By applying advanced engineering modelling techniques, we reveal for the first time that patent sutures generate a more widely distributed, high level of strain throughout the reptile skull. Without patent sutures, large regions of the skull are only subjected to infrequent low-level strains that could weaken the bone and result in abnormal development. Sutures are therefore not only sites of bone growth, but could also be essential for the modulation of strains necessary for normal growth and development in reptiles.     

Incorporating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to expand psychological services to veterans suffering from chronic pain.

This article describes how psychological services for Veterans being seen in an interdisciplinary pain management program were expanded to include Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) approaches. The benefits observed following the introduction of CAM therapies included: improved attendance and Veterans' involvement in group-based therapies, reductions in self-reported pain and anxiety, improved sleep, and an increased sense of emotional well being in the participants. The data also show that CAM therapies, when offered as a treatment option in the format of a drop-in group clinic, were associated with a modest but significant average pain reduction of 1.02 units on a 0–10 Numerical Rating scale. The CAM therapies described in this program are relatively inexpensive and portable, and can appear to the patient as conventional Western or “real” medical treatment (and perhaps, therefore, have less stigma than psychotherapy) for pain and associated distress. They also require minimal training to use and, therefore, can be used as a self-treatment at home. If proven to be effective in future controlled trials, their use could improve access to effective pain care, particularly for Veterans residing in the rural settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

3D 打印钛合金个性化颅骨修复体抗冲击性能研究

基于患者颅骨 CT 数据进行个性化设计、制造的 3D 打印钛合金个性化颅骨修复体,可完美匹配颅骨个性化缺损,并进行有效修复,但以往相关研究很少关注颅骨修复产品的抗冲击性能。因此,基于电子束熔融技术,该文设计制造了一种新型多孔结构颅骨修复体,并利用落球冲击装置对 3D 打印钛合金个性化颅骨修复体和数字成型三维塑形钛网进行抗冲击性能试验,对比研究两种产品的抗冲击性能,评价冲击变形对颅内脑组织的影响。实验结果显示,3D 打印钛合金个性化颅骨修复体组在冲击过程中平均最大变形为 0.7 mm,远小于数字成型三维塑形钛网的平均最大变形 5.9 mm。对比研究表明,3D 打印钛合金个性化颅骨修复体具有更好的抗冲击性能,还可有效修复颅骨缺损、保护颅内脑组织。     

Long-term cognitive deficits following posterior fossa tumor resection: A neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging follow-up study.

The posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) consists of transient cerebellar mutism, cognitive symptoms, and neurobehavioral abnormalities that typically develop in children following posterior fossa (PF) tumor resection. The pathophysiological substrate of the syndrome remains unclear. We investigated eight children of whom five presented with a variety of clinically relevant non-motor language symptoms associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbances after PF tumor resection. Four children developed transient cerebellar mutism followed by dysarthric speech. Non-motor language symptoms consisted of agrammatism, anomia, impaired verbal fluency, comprehension deficits, and aspontaneous speech. Neurocognitive deficits included executive dysfunctions, concentration deficits, and visuo-spatial disorders. In addition, all children presented with behavioral and affective disturbances. Functional neuroimaging studies during the phase of mutism by means of SPECT showed perfusional deficits in the anatomo-clinically suspected supratentorial areas subserving language dynamics, syntax, naming, executive functioning, affective regulation, and behavior. A significant improvement of frontal perfusional deficits paralleled the clinical remission of mutism. These results add to the view that the PFS might represent a cerebello-cerebral diaschisis phenomenon, reflecting the metabolic impact of the cerebellar lesion on supratentorial cognitive and affective functions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)