高校工会主席胜任力模型研究

胜任力是工作表现背后所蕴含的个人能力和行为总和,它能够有效反映出个体对于某一岗位的适应性及耦合度.运用行为事件访谈技术、质性研究及问卷调查方法构建了高校工会主席胜任力模型,研究结果显示个人特质、领导能力、协调变通能力、战略管理能力、服务关怀意识、学习创新能力是高校工会主席的核心胜任力.     

基于改进文化粒子群算法的多组分石脑油调和优化问题研究

针对某炼油厂关于多组分石脑油调和优化存在的产量和质量不达标问题,分别对调和优化模型及求解算法进行了研究。根据各组分油的库存量、质量属性及石脑油产品油的质量指标等制约因素,建立基于组合数学的调和优化模型,并提出一种改进的文化粒子群算法,求解所有可行调和配方从而确定最优调和配方。典型的测试函数验证了该算法解决约束问题的有效性,应用实例表明该模型具有良好的可行性,也进一步说明了算法的有效性。     

基于行动导向教学理念下高职教师能力构建研究

行动导向教学法是近年来高职院校在实践中探索引进的一种先进职业教育理念,它对教师的综合能力提出了较高要求.对此,从分析高职教师能力构建的背景从发,探讨行动导向教学理念下高职教师能力构建的内涵和方式.     

Leveling up and down: The experiences of benign and malicious envy.

Envy is the painful emotion caused by the good fortune of others. This research empirically supports the distinction between two qualitatively different types of envy, namely benign and malicious envy. It reveals that the experience of benign envy leads to a moving-up motivation aimed at improving one’s own position, whereas the experience of malicious envy leads to a pulling-down motivation aimed at damaging the position of the superior other. Study 1 used guided recall of the two envy types in a culture (the Netherlands) that has separate words for benign and malicious envy. Analyses of the experiential content of these emotions found the predicted differences. Study 2 and 3 used one sample from the United States and one from Spain, respectively, where a single word exists for both envy types. A latent class analysis based on the experiential content of envy confirmed the existence of separate experiences of benign and malicious envy in both these cultures as well. The authors discuss the implications of distinguishing the two envy types for theories of cooperation, group performance, and Schadenfreude. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Why do dominant personalities attain influence in face-to-face groups? The competence-signaling effects of trait dominance.

Individuals high in the personality trait dominance consistently attain high levels of influence in groups. Why they do is unclear, however, because most group theories assert that people cannot attain influence simply by behaving assertively and forcefully; rather, they need to possess superior task abilities and leadership skills. In the present research, the authors proposed that individuals high in trait dominance attain influence because they behave in ways that make them appear competent--even when they actually lack competence. Two studies examined task groups using a social relations analysis of peer perceptions (D. A. Kenny & L. LaVoie, 1984). The authors found that individuals higher in trait dominance were rated as more competent by fellow group members, outside peer observers, and research staff members, even after controlling for individuals' actual abilities. Furthermore, frequency counts of discrete behaviors showed that dominance predicts the enactment of competence-signaling behaviors, which in turn predicts peer ratings of competence. These findings extend researchers' understanding of trait dominance, hierarchies in groups, and perceptions of competence and abilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) in the era of evidence-based practice.

Professional psychology has increasingly moved toward evidence-based practice. However, instruments used to assess psychologists seeking licensure, such as the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP), have received relatively little empirical scrutiny. Therefore, the authors evaluated the available evidence in support of the EPPP’s validity and current use as a core component of professional licensure. Although the EPPP has in many ways been extensively evaluated, there is a paucity of criterion, predictive, and incremental validity evidence available. Further, several aspects of the content validation studies were examined, and the authors question whether the EPPP, as currently constructed, can meet its stated goals. Given that the EPPP is a high-stakes examination and given the authors’ best estimate (based on a sample of 16 states) that 35% of applicants fail the examination, it is recommended that the EPPP be more extensively evaluated. An outline of major decision points in this proposed evaluation process is provided, several suggestions for further research are proposed, and the field is encouraged to discuss these issues further. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cultural differences in complex addition: Efficient Chinese versus adaptive Belgians and Canadians.

In the present study, the authors tested the effects of working-memory load on math problem solving in 3 different cultures: Flemish-speaking Belgians, English-speaking Canadians, and Chinese-speaking Chinese currently living in Canada. Participants solved complex addition problems (e.g., 58 + 76) in no-load and working-memory load conditions, in which either the central executive or the phonological loop was loaded. The authors used the choice/no-choice method to obtain unbiased measures of strategy selection and strategy efficiency. The Chinese participants were faster than the Belgians, who were faster and more accurate than the Canadians. The Chinese also required fewer working-memory resources than did the Belgians and Canadians. However, the Chinese chose less adaptively from the available strategies than did the Belgians and Canadians. These cultural differences in math problem solving are likely the result of different instructional approaches during elementary school (practice and training in Asian countries vs. exploration and flexibility in non-Asian countries), differences in the number language, and informal cultural norms and standards. The relevance of being adaptive is discussed as well as the implications of the results in regards to the strategy choice and discovery simulation model of strategy selection (J. Shrager & R. S. Siegler, 1998). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

对城市文化遗产必须坚持“抢救、研究、开发”三位一体六字法

该文针对过去对城市文化遗产种种态度和做法,提出“抢救、研究、开发”三位一体六字法,加大力量,实施“深挖井还原历史法”和“刮塘鱼还原历史法”建立资料库加以保护和资料积累,使历史回复原貌。用揭示内涵研究法和寻找遗传基因研究法,解读先民留下的历史信息和历史足迹,并结合现代高技术时代人们的精神需求进行开发利用赚取经济回报,获取精神和物质文明双丰收,如此循环往复,一步一提高。如此在经济回报的带动下,不仅文化遗产可得到有效抢救保护,还能把研究成果贡献当代,惠及子孙,从而推动经济社会的发展,从中荻取巨大经济效益。     

文化图式观照下的数字翻译

数字在日常生活中起着举足轻重的作用,不仅代表其本身的数值,而且在语言发展过程中获得了丰富的联想意义。文化图式指人脑中关于文化的＂知识结构块＂,即文化背景知识。＂数字文化＂图式就是关于数字的文化知识结构块。本文在探讨英汉两民族赋予数字的联想意义的基础上,试图从数字文化图式角度为话语中的数字翻译提供策略。     

企业核心竞争力研究综述

综合论述了企业核心竞争力的研究现状及发展趋势,为进一步深化研究企业核心竞争力提供了一定的科学依据。