Use of Self-assembled Monolayers at Variable Coverage to Control Interface Bonding in a Model Study of Interfacial Fracture: Pure Shear Loading

The relationships between fundamental interfacial interactions, energy dissipation mechanisms, and fracture stress or fracture energy in a glassy thermoset/inorganic solid joint are not well understood. This subject is addressed with a model system involving an epoxy adhesive on a polished silicon wafer containing its native oxide. The proportions of physical and chemical interactions at the interface, and the in-plane distribution, are varied using self-assembling monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). The epoxy interacts strongly with the bare silicon oxide surface, but interacts only weakly with the methylated tails of the ODTS monolayer. The fracture stress is examined as a function of ODTS coverage in the napkin-ring (nominally pure shear) loading geometry. The relationship between fracture stress and ODTS coverage is catastrophic, with a large change in fracture stress occurring over a narrow range of ODTS coverage. This transition in fracture stress does not correspond to a wetting transition of the epoxy. Rather, the transition in fracture stress corresponds to the onset of large-scale plastic deformation within the epoxy. We postulate that the transition in fracture stress occurs when the local stress that the interface can support becomes comparable to the yield stress of the epoxy. The fracture results are independent of whether the ODTS deposition occurs by island growth (T _dep = 10°C) or by homogeneous growth (T _dep = 24°C).     

综合开采工艺及其在中国露天矿的应用

本文讨论了综合开采工艺的分类、不同开采工艺开发范围的划分、开拓运输系统和开采参数的配合、系统产量匹配,以及采用综合开采工艺的基本准则等问题。分析了该工艺在中国露天矿山开发中的重要性及其前景。     

往复泵故障智能诊断系统的设计

开发了往复泵故障的智能诊断系统,以故障诊断系统为核心,软件部分用Visual C＋＋语言来开发,由软件控制同步进行压力、位置及流量等信号的数据采集和数据库管理。由于不同故障类型对应的信号曲线也不同,所以以压力信号为主,以流量信号为辅作为故障信息;然后应用基于人工智能理论的小波神经网络和小波包分解技术进行数据处理、保存和故障诊断。从小波神经网络诊断的结果可以看出：往复泵故障智能诊断系统诊断速度快,准确性高。     

An assessment of coal pillar system stability criteria based on a mechanistic evaluation of the interaction between coal pillars and the overburden

Coal pillar design has historically assigned a factor of safety(Fo S) or stability factor(SF) according to their estimated strength and the assumed overburden load acting on them. Acceptable Fo S values have been assigned based on past mining experience or a statistical link between Fo S and probability of failure(Po F). Pillar width-to-height(w/h) ratio has long been established as having a material influence on both pillar strength and its potential failure mode. However, there has been significant disagreement on using both factor of safety(Fo S) and w/h as part of pillar system stability criterion, as compared to using Fo S in isolation. This paper will argue that there are valid technical reasons to bring w/h ratio into system stability criteria(other than its influence on pillar strength), as it is related to the post-failure stiffness of the pillar, as measured in situ, and its interaction with overburden stiffness. When overburden stiffness is also brought into pillar system stability considerations, two issues emerge. The first is the width-todepth(W/D) ratio of the panel and whether it is sub-critical or super-critical from a surface subsidence perspective. The second relates to a re-evaluation of pillar Fo S based on whether the pillar is in an elastic or non-elastic(i.e., post-yield) state in its as-designed condition, as this is relevant to maintaining overburden stiffness at the highest possible level. The significance of the model is the potential to maximise both reserve recovery and mining efficiencies without any discernible increase in geotechnical risk, particularly in thick seams and higher depth of cover mining situations. At a time when mining economics are, at best, marginal, removing potentially unnecessary design conservatism is of interest to all mine operators and is an important topic for discussion amongst the geotechnical community.     

焊接电弧电离区域与边界的诊断

焊接电弧是一种以气体放电实现电热转换的热源,其电离区域的尺度以及有效作用范围与其能量密度的分布有直接的对应关系.采用发射光谱诊断法,通过对电弧径向的氩原子和氩离子谱线强度的定量检测,获得了电弧内气体电离区域和气体原子激发辐射边界的尺度.克服了以往摄像手段由于曝光因素而无法定量观测电弧的问题,并将电弧光谱边界测定方法应用于脉冲电弧的观测,对电弧导电的物理概念以及电弧热源的建模等提供了认识的依据.     

PVD纳米涂层致硬机理研究现状及发展

从纳米多层涂层和纳米复合涂层两个角度总结了PVD纳米涂层的强化机制和涂层设计准则,提出了现有的涂层强化机制及涂层设计准则主要存在涂层强化机制适用性不足和理论性问题缺乏实验手段论证两个问题,并合理分析了问题存在的原因。从纳米多层涂层和纳米复合涂层两个角度,综述了PVD纳米涂层致硬机理的国内外研究现状。研究现状表明,涂层强化机制和一些涂层表征实验在涂层致硬机理研究中扮演着重要的角色,研究者们根据涂层强化机制和必要的实验手段对涂层的致硬机理进行了分析。但是涂层强化机制并非涂层致硬机理研究中必不可少的工具,既存在用一种或多种涂层强化机制解释涂层致硬机理的情况,又存在未使用涂层强化机制去解释涂层致硬机理的情况。针对这种现象,分析了其存在的内因和外因。外因为涂层材料组合方式和实验研究变量不同;内因为涂层强化机制及设计准则不完善。最后结合PVD纳米涂层致硬机理研究现状存在的问题,本着完善涂层强化机制和设计准则的目的,对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

The limits of the Pourbaix diagram in the interpretation of the kinetics of corrosion and cathodic protection of underground pipelines

This article deals with the basics of corrosion and corrosion protection, with the focus on equilibrium thermodynamics. Particular attention is paid to the easy-to-understand creation of Pourbaix diagrams, their uses, and limitations of this tool. In addition, the basics of electrochemical kinetics are dealt with to provide an overview of the possibilities and the interaction of both methods. Finally, it is argued that the globally recognized and practice-proven protection potential criteria remain valid.     

双轨制:WTO后高等学校入学与学费政策及其对社会公平的促进

在社会主义市场经济条件下，在中国加入WTO后全球教育服务市场相互更加开放的背景下，深入研究可以发现“双轨制”政策是高等教育成本补偿理论的合理性政策性结论，其完整执行有助于吸引更多的学生在国内学习，有助于促进我国高等教育事业的发展，提高高等学校的教育质量以及在全球教育服务市场的竞争力，也有助于促进教育公平以及社会公平，并使国家受益。     

GH4169合金惯性摩擦焊接过程组织计算与预测

以高性能航空发动机涡轮盘和压气机盘为背景，采用有限元数值模拟方法，对GH4169合金模拟件的惯性摩擦焊接过程进行了分析与计算，基于金属塑性变形的物理基础，建立了GH4169合金惯性摩擦焊接过程显微组织的演化模型；通过高温合金在热成形过程中的再结晶发生条件，再结晶体积分数、晶粒尺寸与热力参数（应变速率、应变程度、成形温度）之间的映像关系，对惯性摩擦焊接热力影响区的再结晶组织进行了模拟计算。从而为合理地制定焊接热力规范，提高GH4169合金的焊接性能和接头质量提供了参考。     

储气库管柱冲蚀理论及预测研究进展

储气库的管柱冲蚀规律较复杂,且冲蚀预测难度较大,开展循环注采工况下的储气库管柱冲蚀理论、冲蚀预测方法研究具有必要性及迫切性。目前,针对储气库强采强注工况下的管柱冲蚀报道极少。综述了塑性材料及气主导体系管柱冲蚀机理、冲蚀预测方法,对保障储气库管柱注采安全具有一定借鉴意义。以塑性材料冲蚀机理为出发点,详细介绍了适用于管柱塑性材料的微切削、变形切削、挤压-薄片、局部变形、二次冲蚀及靶面热熔等六大典型冲蚀理论,并汇总其优缺点。指出适用于储气库管柱的冲蚀准则（材料的临界冲蚀流量、临界冲蚀流速、表面延展性、质量损失、体积损失、强度衰减）及冲蚀表征指标（冲蚀比、临界塑性应变、冲蚀损失率、材料剩余最小安全系数）,针对这些指标介绍了目前国内外典型的旋转式、射流式、管流式、单颗粒冲蚀式实验系统,以及基于实验数据的冲蚀预测经验模型,如使用频率最高的E/CRC模型和Oka模型等。描述了基于CFD预测冲蚀的普遍流程及不足,分析了基于人工智能预测管柱冲蚀的可行性,这对保障储气库安全高效注采具有一定的理论指导及现实意义。