中国漆画在新时期的变革

中国漆画有着悠久的历史,数千年来,形成了自己独特的个性和风貌。新时期以来,特别是上世纪70年代以后,漆画作者走出传统漆画的桎梏,把新的观念引入到现代漆画领域中来,无论是从内容、材质到形式都有了极大的变革,使漆画题材的内容更具广泛性、表现手法更具多样性。这种变革使中国漆画以一种新的现代美术样式去传承和创新着中国传统的漆画艺术。     

基于遥感和GIS的西安市土地利用时空变化研究

利用2000和2007年两期TM遥感影像,通过最大似然法、地理信息系统空间分析方法以及数理统计方法,借助Erdas Imagine 9.0、ArcGIS 9.2和Matlab软件平台,计算出西安市土地利用类型的动态转移矩阵;构建了土地利用程度变化指数、土地利用变化类型的多度和重要度指数等区域土地利用变化的指数模型,定量分析西安市土地利用时空变化。揭示了西安市土地利用差异以及土地利用空间变化的主要类型、分布特征和区域方向,阐明了西安市土地利用变化的区域特点,为土地可持续利用提供有效的决策支持。     

基于STM32和小波自适应滤波算法的生理参数监测系统的研究

针对心血管疾病的高死亡率以及人口老龄化的现象,本篇文章开发了基于STM32单片机和小波自适应阈值滤波算法的可穿戴式健康监测系统。系统可分为系统微处理器、数字系统模块、人机交互模块、信号采集模块和无线通信模块等几个部分,针对人体的心率、血氧、体温等重要生理参数进行处理分析,进而对人体实时监护。系统处理器选取STM32F103C8T6作为控制芯片,显示模块选用了OLED。生理参数采集系统选用了MAX30102传感器和Pulse sense传感器分别对人体腕部和指尖心率进行采集。生理参数采集完毕后,通过进一步的A/D转化,基于提出的一种改进小波自适应阈值滤波算法降噪滤波,从而将人体的生理特征参数记录下来。再将采集的生理数据通过蓝牙传输至手机端,其中的ZigBee模块主要是把获得的数据再次输送到远程控制端内,让患者能够远程得到更好的医疗监控。本系统通过软件与硬件相结合的方式。最后通过对比论证其中心率（BPM）结果误差为±2BPM,血氧含量监测结果误差在±2%以内。     

Leveraging Bioinspired Structural Constraints for Tunable and Programmable Snapping Dynamics in High-Speed Soft Actuators

Creating high-speed soft actuators will have broad engineering and technological applications. Snapping provides a power-amplified mechanism to achieve rapid movements in soft actuators that typically show slow movements. However, precise control of snapping dynamics (e.g., speed and direction of launching or jumping) remains a daunting challenge. Here, a bioinspired design principle is presented that harnesses a reconfigurable constraint structure integrated into a photoactive liquid crystal elastomer actuator to enable tunable and programmable control over its snapping dynamics. By reconfiguring constrained fin-array-shaped structure, the snapping dynamics of the structured actuator, such as launching or jumping angle and height, motion speed, and release force can be on-demand tuned, thus enabling controllable catapult motion and programmable jumping. Moreover, the structured actuators exhibit a unique combination of ultrafast moving speed (up to 2.5 m s⁻¹ in launching and 0.22 m s⁻¹ in jumping), powerful ejection (long ejection distance of ≈20 cm, 35 mg ball), and high jumping height (≈8 cm, 40 times body lengths), which few other soft actuators can achieve. This study provides a new universal design paradigm for realizing controllable rapid movements and high-power motions in soft matter, which are useful for building high-performance soft robotics and actuation devices.     

Wetting of Rough Walls

Quenched geometric disorder of a wall delimiting a spectator phase can have dramatic effects on the nature of critical wetting transitions. We consider self-affine walls in 2D with roughness exponent _W. Transfer matrix results for directed interfacial models with short-range interactions suggest that wetting turns first-order as soon as _W exceeds ₀, the anisotropy index of interface fluctuations in the bulk. Discontinuous interface depinning is best identified by a peculiar two-peak structure in the statistical distributions of wall–interface contacts obtained by sampling over disorder. On the other hand, for _W<₀ wetting remains continuous, most plausibly in the same universality class as with flat walls. This occurs both with ordered (₀ = 1/2) and with bond-disordered (₀ = 2/3) bulk. A precise location of the thresholds at _W = ₀ can be argued on the basis of an analysis of different terms in the interfacial free energy. This analysis elucidates the peculiar role played by the intrinsic interfacial roughness and suggests extensions of the results to 3D and to long-range substrate forces.     

Recent elevation changes of Svalbard glaciers derived from ICESat laser altimetry

We have tested three methods for estimating 2003-2008 elevation changes of Svalbard glaciers from multi-temporal ICESat laser altimetry: (a) linear interpolation of crossover points between ascending and descending tracks, (b) projection of near repeat-tracks onto common locations using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and (c) least-squares fitting of rigid planes to segments of repeat-track data assuming a constant elevation change rate. The two repeat-track methods yield similar results and compare well to the more accurate, but sparsely sampled, crossover points. Most glacier regions in Svalbard have experienced low-elevation thinning combined with high-elevation balance or thickening during 2003-2008. The geodetic mass balance (excluding calving front retreat or advance) of Svalbard's 34,600 km² glaciers is estimated to be −4.3 ± 1.4 Gt y⁻¹, corresponding to an area-averaged water equivalent (w.e.) balance of −0.12 ± 0.04 m w.e. y⁻¹. The largest ice losses have occurred in the west and south, while northeastern Spitsbergen and the Austfonna ice cap have gained mass. Winter and summer elevation changes derived from the same methods indicate that the spatial gradient in mass balance is mainly due to a larger summer season thinning in the west and the south than in the northeast. Our findings are consistent with in-situ mass balance measurements from the same period, confirming that repeat-track satellite altimetry can be a valuable tool for monitoring short term elevation changes of Arctic glaciers.     

基于相邻尺度小波变换乘积的镜头渐变检测

镜头边界检测是进行视频内容分析的首要步骤。提出一种基于相邻尺度小波变换乘积的镜头边缘检测方法。对镜头内的每帧视频图像进行小波变换,求出各帧图像相邻尺度小波变换尺度积的模和方向。计算连续帧图像尺度积与模之间的绝对距离,得到2帧图像间的不连续值。通过自适应阈值分割,检测出镜头边界。     

数字时代背景下平面设计的飞跃

在数字艺术这个概念得到迅速发展的今天,国内外的学者都对于平面设计数字化的发展提出了自己的或者赞同或者持保留态度的观点,但是无论如何,21世纪是在电子计算机和网络信息技术基础上发展起来的数字时代,这个时代的显著特征就是数字化,这是平面设计所存在的时代背景。在这个大的背景下,平面设计的哪些方面发生了飞跃性的变化呢?