Shear wave propagation in vertically heterogeneous viscoelastic layer over a micropolar elastic half-space

This article deals with the propagation of SH-wave in a vertically heterogeneous viscoelastic layer lying over a micropolar elastic half-space. Dispersion and damping equations are obtained analytically in closed form. Phase and damped velocities are computed numerically and depicted by means of a graph to exhibit the substantial effect of heterogeneity, viscoelasticity (internal friction), and micropolar parameter. As a special case of the problem, it is found that deduced dispersion relation is well in agreement to the classical-Love wave equation and damping equation vanishes identically for the isotropic case. Influence of micropolarity present in the medium of half-space is highlighted through comparative study.     

On the Efficiency of Runs Rules Schemes for Process Monitoring

There are two main types of variations, namely, common and special causes leading to in‐control and out‐of‐control states, respectively. Control charts are popular tools used to differentiate between these two states of a process. Implementation of runs rules schemes with control charts is an attractive approach for process monitoring. This study is designed to describe the methodology of runs rules schemes and discuss their implementation for different types of control charts. We have considered memory‐less charts, namely, , S, and R charts for our study purposes. It is examined that the efficiency gain depends on the number of decision points utilized to implement a given rule. Moreover, superiority of runs rules schemes may vary for different types of location and dispersion charts. An application example using a dataset is also included in the study for practical considerations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improvement in mechanical properties of recycled GF prepreg with CNT reinforced composites using a spray coating method

Dispersion and shape of nanoparticles, as well as interfacial conditions, add significantly to difficulties in composite manufacture. In the work reported here, an innovative method of recycling composites using out-of-date prepreg was investigated in which the carbon nanotube (CNT) on the prepreg was optimally coated. Nanocomposites utilizing the out-of-date prepreg were coated with CNT and fabricated by a sheet molding method. CNT nanofillers were observed to be uniformly dispersed on epoxy prepreg by spray coating. The mechanical and interfacial properties of these CNT coated nanocomposites were improved over those of more conventionally manufactured carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The CNT nanofillers were embedded at the epoxy and fiber interface, as a result of etching of the epoxy prepreg surface by a CNT dispersion solution which enhanced interfacial reactivity.     

A New Combined Shewhart–Cumulative Sum S Chart for Monitoring Process Standard Deviation

The combined application of a Shewhart chart and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart is an effective tool for the detection of all sizes of process shifts as the scheme combines the advantages of a CUSUM at detecting small to moderate shifts and Shewhart for the quick detection of very large shifts. This article proposes new combined Shewhart–CUSUM S charts based on the extreme variations of ranked set sampling technique, for efficient monitoring of changes in the process dispersion. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the combined scheme is designed to minimize the average extra quadratic loss over the entire process shift domain. The results show that the combined Shewhart–CUSUM S charts uniformly outperform several other procedures for detecting increases and decreases in the process variability. Moreover, the proposed scheme can detect changes that are small enough to escape the Shewhart S chart or fairly large to escape detection by the CUSUM S chart. Numerical example is given to illustrate the practical application of the proposed scheme using real industrial data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高能超声分散纳米晶须的数值和物理模拟

为研究高能超声处理制备纳米复合材料过程中纳米增强相在熔体中的分散过程,采用甘油为介质分别进行了数值模拟以及物理模拟。数值模拟结果表明,当超声作用于甘油中时,甘油中会形成中心-底面-壁面-中心的环形流动,变幅杆探头端面边缘附近甘油流体存在最大的流动速度,且随着超声功率的增大,流体运动速度增大。物理模拟实验结果显示,高能超声作用下甘油的实际运动行为与数值模拟结果相符合,存在环形流动;此外,高能超声作用下甘油中存在明显的空化效应;纳米晶须在超声作用下于甘油中分散良好,且随着超声功率的增大,达到充分分散所需时间变短。     

石墨烯均匀分散问题研究进展

具有优良性能的石墨烯常被作为增强体加入基体材料中以改进其性能。研究发现,石墨烯增强复合材料的性质在很大程度上取决于石墨烯在基体中的均匀分散程度。而石墨烯增强体在基体中的均匀分散问题一直是研究的难点,这就限制了石墨烯增强复合材料性能的提升及其开发应用。总结了石墨烯在基体中均匀分散方法的研究进展,并展望了其研究方向及发展趋势。     

天然有机质对纳米碳管环境行为的影响研究进展

随着纳米技术的快速发展,大量的纳米碳管(CNTs)不可避免地释放到环境中。由于其较大的憎水性表面,CNTs与有机污染物和天然有机质(NOM)强烈地相互作用。综述了NOM存在下CNTs的环境行为,包括NOM对CNTs分散特性和吸附有机污染物特性的影响。着重论述了NOM的理化性质对CNTs分散的影响,"拉拉链"或"胶束包裹"是主要的分散机制。强调应该对不同分散机制下分散的CNTs与有机污染物的相互作用给予更多的关注,提出了目前在液相环境中直接测定CNTs表面积的新思路,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

超声导波频散曲线反演皮质骨参数的研究

皮质骨参数的变化可以反映骨质的健康状况,因此文章提出了一种频散能量匹配算法来反演皮质骨参数。首先,通过频散特性方程计算出预定义参数下的频散曲线数据库;其次,利用时域有限差分算法建立皮质骨声场模型,将仿真的时域信号通过功率谱估计得到频散能量信息,并与数据库进行匹配,通过分析匹配结果的能量从而得到皮质骨的厚度、纵波速度和横波速度。仿真结果显示：与理论值相比,厚度的平均相对误差为3.8%,纵波速度与横波速度的平均相对误差分别为0.6%、0.9%。对三组离体牛胫骨皮质骨进行反演,离体实验结果显示：与真实值相比,厚度相对误差为4.9%,且实验频散曲线与反演得到的理论频散曲线吻合。因此文中所提出的反演算法可以有效获取皮质骨的厚度,横波速度和纵波速度,从而为评价骨质的健康状况提供可靠的依据。     

Wave Groups in Uni-Directional Surface-Wave Models

Uni-directional wave models are used to study wave groups that appear in wave tanks of hydrodynamic laboratories; characteristic for waves in such tanks is that the wave length is rather small, comparable to the depth of the layer. In second-order theory, the resulting Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation for the envelope of the wave group contains the dispersion of the group velocity multiplying the linear term and a gen-coefficient that results from mode generation multiplying the nonlinear term. The signs of these coefficients determine whether experimentally relevant wave groups are possible or not. If the dispersion is modelled in such a way that it is correct for all wave lengths for infinitesimal waves, relevant wave groups are obtained consisting of constituent waves with a certain maximal wave length; other models for the dispersion (such as in the KdV-equation) lead to different results.     

Equaliser Performance for HIPERLAN in indoor channels

In order to accomplish practical deployment modelling for system performance evaluation and comparison for possible modulation and equalisation schemes to be used in HIPERLAN, a wide band tapped delay line (WTDL) channel model has been adopted by ETSI to characterise the multipath fading in the indoor radio environment. Based on this statistical channel model, and using Monte Carlo method, this paper evaluates the average probability of error for linear and decision feedback equaliser as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. It also evaluates the matched filter bound for this channel model. The results show the optimum performance levels achievable via the use of any equaliser.The work described in this paper was supported by the UK DTI/EPSRC LINK project: PC2011 High Throughput Radio Modem under EPSRC grant reference GR/K00318 in collaboration with Symbionics Networks limited.