Among-site variability in environmental and management characteristics: Effect on nutrient loss in agricultural tile drainage

Water quality issues, including harmful and nuisance algal blooms (HNABs), related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exported from agricultural lands persist in the Great Lakes region. Previous work examining N and P loss from agricultural fields in portions of the United States (US) and Canada (CA) that drain into Lake Erie, consistently indicate significant nutrient loss from fields in Indiana and Ohio, US compared with those in southwestern Ontario, CA. The primary objective of this study was to examine variation in environmental and management characteristics from 30 sites (US: n = 28, CA: n = 2) located within the Lake Erie Basin and subsequently determine the influence of among-site variation on edge-of-field N and P losses. Using principal component analyses (PCA), we found that among-site variation was predominantly controlled by broad-scale patterns in fertilizer management practices and soil properties; however, N and P loss metrics were largely unexplained by these gradients. As such, fine-scale variability and the interaction of environmental and management characteristics at individual sites more strongly influenced N and P loss. Ultimately, these results further emphasize the importance of site- and nutrient-specific management plans that are needed to mitigate N and P losses from agricultural fields.     

长江经济带农业水资源利用效率时空差异分析

长江经济带水资源总量充沛,但人均水资源量以及单位面积耕地占有量处于较低水平;农业用水量超过供水总量的50%,而农业水资源利用效率低。研究长江经济带农业水资源利用效率对保护长江具有重要的现实意义。基于Malmquist-Panel Data两阶段模型,对长江经济带农业水资源利用效率的时空差异特征及其影响因素进行了分析研究。分析结果表明:经济发展水平、第一产业固定资产投资额、水资源禀赋、节水农业发展水平、"长江经济带"国家战略的实施、区域变量以及部分时间变量等对农业水资源利用效率具有显著的正向影响,而种植结构即粮食播种面积占比则有着显著的负向影响;长江经济带农业水资源利用效率时空差异特征明显。因此,对于长江经济带,应因地制宜、合理规划农作物种植结构;同时,加强地区间的技术交流与合作,实现长江经济带整体发展与各区域特色发展协同共进。     

Invertebrate response to impacts of water diversion and flow regulation in high‐altitude tropical streams

Water supply systems are critical infrastructure that provides food and energy security for developed societies. The operation of reservoirs (flow regulation) and water intakes (water diversion) has known negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems; however, quantification of ecological impacts and examination of these two types of flow alteration remain a developing area of research. We investigated the individual and combined impact of flow regulation and water diversion on stream ecosystem integrity, the freshwater macroinvertebrate community, and the population structure of flow‐sensitive insects. For 2 years, we monitored quarterly discharge, physical and chemical stream conditions, and benthic invertebrates of four high‐altitude tropical streams that are part of the water supply system of Quito, Ecuador. Flow regulation caused a loss of the hydrological seasonality of these streams, including a decrease in stream depth and biotic quality. Water diversion caused a decrease in dissolved oxygen and overall ecosystem integrity. Freshwater invertebrate density and richness decreased as a result of water diversion and flow regulation. The combined flow alteration in these streams decreased the density of nymphal stages of the widely distributed mayfly Andesiops peruvianus. Given the societal needs for food and energy security, water management for diversion (e.g., irrigation) and in‐line storage practices (e.g., hydroelectric dams) are anticipated to increase. This research suggests that the negative environmental impacts of flow alteration could be mitigated with discharge releases designed to approximate the natural hydrologic regime of undisturbed streams.     

苯并吡喃酮类化合物与Skp2蛋白的分子识别及其抑制机理

S期激酶相关蛋白2(S-phase kinase-associated protein 2,Skp2)与Skp1形成的蛋白质聚合物在调控癌细胞生长周期中发挥着重要作用,而苯并吡喃酮类抑制剂(简称BPC)可有效抑制Skp1-Skp2的形成,但其分子识别机制尚不明确.通过生物信息学统计分析已报道的Skp1-Skp2晶体结构,确定模拟体系后,首先用同源模建对其模拟体系缺失的结构进行补全;然后用分子对接方法获得Skp1-Skp2-BPC复合物模型并用于后续分子动力学模拟.计算结果表明:疏水相互作用是促使BPC特异性结合在由Skp2 W109、D110、L117、I120、R138和W139所构成口袋中的主要驱动力,自由能计算值与实验数据吻合较好.Skp2结合BPC后,结合口袋周围的氢键网络有所加强,口袋附近的溶剂化水分子数量明显减少,导致Skp1-Skp2的体系稳定性下降.体系构象成簇与运动性分析显示,Skp1-Skp2在结合BPC抑制剂后,Skp1的运动更加剧烈,这可能是BPC主要的抑制机理.     

中介语中英语定冠词误用分析及其启示

对比分析了英语和汉语中的定指表达,提出中国学生在英语定冠词使用中的错误多集中在定指表达,揭示了定冠词误用与其不同语义表达的相关性,提出对定冠词教学和学习策略的启示。     

柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸累积释药率的测定

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在人工胃液和磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.8)中的累积释药率,并分别对其释药模型进行拟合.结果显示缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中12h的累积释药率为83.22%,释药模型符合Higuchi方程;在人工胃液中12h的累积释药率为55.42%,释药模型为Higuchi方程.相较于人工胃液,柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中具有良好的释药性能.     

我国海域资源产权制度解析

海域资源产权最基本的权能为海域所有权和海域使用权。早期,我国海域资源产权制度是所有权和使用权不分,产权不清,导致早期海域使用出现＂无序、无度、无偿＂。随着人们对海洋价值认识的进一步深化,海洋开发不断增强,国家逐步开展海域行政许可和有偿使用制度,海域所有权和海域使用权实行分离机制,海域所有权和海域使用权的关系得以理顺,海域资源产权分离机制是我国海域管理工作的重大进步。在海域管理实践中,需要不断巩固和完善这种机制,以促进海域资源的保值和增值。     

Understanding taxi driver＇s cruising behavior with ZIP model

The taxi drivers＇ cruising pattern was learned using GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen, China. By employing zero-inflated Poisson model, the impacts of land use and previous pick-up experience on cruising decision were measured. The cruising strategies of different types of drivers as well as the top one driver were examined. The results indicate that both land use and previous pick-up experience affect travel behavior with the former＇s influence （7.07 × 10-4 measured by one of the coefficients in zero-inflated Poisson model） being greater than the latter＇s （4.58×10-5） in general, but the comparison also varies across the types of drivers. Besides, taxi drivers＇ day-to-day learning feature is also proved by the results. According to comparison of the cruising behavior of the most efficient and inefficient driver, an efficient cruising strategy was proposed, that is, obeying the distribution of land use in choice of cruising area, while learning from pick-up experience in selection of detailed cruising location. By learning taxi drivers＇ cruising pattern, the development of measures of regulating travel behaviors is facilitated, important factor for traffic organization and planning is identified, and an efficient cruising strategy for taxi drivers is provided.     

宁波发展使用液化天然气的研究

介绍了国内外液化天然气(LNG)产业的发展现状及LNG的优势,并根据宁波的实际情况提出了宁波发展使用LNG的具体途径。     

多阶段复合期权模型在新药研发中的应用研究

考虑到新药研发周期长和高度的不确定性的特点,在实物期权理论的基础上建立了多阶段复合期权的评价模型,针对二阶段定价模型的不足,提出了各阶段波动率不同的三阶段定价模型,并得到其封闭解。最后用改进的三阶段变波动率复合期权模型来评估一个新药研发项目的价值,计算结果表明模型具有较好的实用性。