Development of natural anti-tumor drugs by microorganisms

Discoveries of tumor-resistant pharmacological drugs have mainly resulted from screening of natural products and their analogs. Some are also discovered incidentally when studying organisms. The great biodiversity of microorganisms raises the possibility of producing secondary metabolites (e.g., mevastatin, lovastatin, epothilone, salinosporamide A) to cope with adverse environments. Recently, natural plant pigments with anti-tumor activities such as β-carotene, lycopene, curcumin and anthocyanins have been proposed. However, many plants have a long life cycle. Therefore, pigments from microorganisms represent another option for the development of novel anti-tumor drugs. Prodigiosin (PG) is a natural red pigment produced by microorganisms, i.e., Serratia marcescens and other gram-negative bacteria. The anti-tumor potential of PG has been widely demonstrated. The families of PG (PGs), which share a common pyrrolylpyrromethene (PPM) skeleton, are produced by various bacteria. PGs are bioactive pigments and are known to exert immunosuppressive properties, in vitro apoptotic effects, and in vivo anti-tumor activities. Currently the most common strain used for producing PGs is S. marcescens. However, few reports have discussed PGs production. This review therefore describes the development of an anti-tumor drug, PG, that can be naturally produced by microorganisms, and evaluates the microbial production system, fermentation strategies, purification and identification processes. The application potential of PGs is also discussed.     

Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds: Influence of formulation parameters on Polymethoxyflavone crystallization

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) extracted from citrus peel exhibit potent anti-cancer activity, but are highly hydrophobic molecules with poor solubility in both water and oil at ambient and body temperature, which limits their bioavailability. The possibility of encapsulating PMFs within nanoemulsion-based delivery systems to facilitate their application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products was investigated. The influence of oil type (corn oil, MCT, orange oil), emulsifier type (β-lactoglobulin, lyso-lecithin, Tween, and DTAB), and neutral cosolvents (glycerol and ethanol) on the formation and stability of PMF-loaded nanoemulsions was examined. Nanoemulsions (r < 100 nm) could be formed using high pressure homogenization for all emulsifier types, except DTAB. Lipid droplet charge could be altered from highly cationic (DTAB), to near neutral (Tween), to highly anionic (β-lactoglobulin, lyso-lecithin) by varying emulsifier type. PMF crystals formed in all nanoemulsions after preparation, which had a tendency to sediment during storage. The size, morphology, and aggregation of PMF crystals depended on preparation method, emulsifier type, oil type, and cosolvent addition. These results have important implications for the development of delivery systems for bioactive components that have poor oil and water solubility at application temperatures.     

乳源ACE抑制肽的制备及应用

近年来高血压成为威胁人类健康的第一大慢性病,由于常规降压药物对人体的损害,食源性降压肽成为研究的热点。目前研究发现了多种乳源ACE抑制肽,并得到应用。本文综述乳源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化及应用现状。     

Multiclass method for fast determination of veterinary drug residues in baby food by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid multiresidue method for the determination of different veterinary drug residues in meat-based baby food (MBF) and powdered milk-based infant formulae (PMIF) has been developed. The method involves an extraction procedure based on buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) methodology, without any further clean-up step, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method has been validated in two baby food matrices (MBF and PMIF) at three different concentration levels, obtaining suitable recoveries and precision (inter and intra-day precision) values. Quantification was carried out using matrix-matched standard calibration. Furthermore, the decision limit (CCα) and the decision capability (CCβ) were evaluated, ranging from 0.5 to 16.2 μg/kg and from 1.2 to 22.4 μg/kg, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of several kinds of baby food samples and traces of some veterinary drugs were detected.     

液质联用法检测降血糖类保健食品中非法添加的13种化学药物

建立同时检测保健食品中非法添加的13 种化学降糖药物的液相色谱串联质谱分析方法并用于实际检测。保健食品样品经甲醇超声提取后,以色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,5 μm)进行分离,甲醇和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1 %甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾电离源正离子(electrospray ionization positive,ESI+),多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式进行检测。13 种化学降糖药物线性相关系数均大于0.999,定量限(limits of quantitation,LOQ)为45.7 μg/kg^79.6 μg/kg,回收率为78.6 %~112.1 %,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSD)为 0.6 %~3.5 %。从11种样品中检测出5种样品含非法添加化学药物,且均为复合添加。2种样品添加二甲双胍,5种样品添加苯乙双胍,2种样品添加罗格列酮,1种样品添加甲苯磺丁脲,1种样品添加吡格列酮,5种样品添加格列本脲。     

蜂胶中四环素族药物残留检测方法研究

蜂产品中四环素类药物的检测技术日趋成熟,蜂胶作为蜂产品的重要组成部分,其抗生素的检测方法有待进一步的研究和发展。通过分析比较提取液、内标的选择对试验结果的影响,确定试验方法的线性范围和定量限,建立的高效液相-质谱联用法,回收率在74.1%到118.8%之间,精密度在15%以下,能够满足蜂胶产品中四环素药物残留的日常检测。     

Fe3O4-10-HCPT及Fe3O4-HCPT@SiO2核壳纳米粒子的制备

为有效控制磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子在水介质中的分散,防止其聚集.通过控制Na Cl溶液的物质的量浓度,对比研究磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子在超声前和超声后在盐中的分散情况.实验结果表明,磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子在0.4 mol/L的氯化钠中分散性最好,聚集度较小;进一步为了制备粒径均匀的复合磁性纳米载药粒子,通过调节10-羟基喜树碱溶液的p H,将10-羟基喜树碱和磁性纳米粒子制备成复合纳米粒子,并将其用二氧化硅包覆制备了复合载药纳米粒子,其复合纳米粒子的粒径大约为120 nm,结果显示通过该方法成功制备了理想的磁性纳米载药粒子.     

解吸附电晕束电离质谱辅助高效液相色谱法检测减肥类保健食品中的违禁药物

目的利用解吸附电晕束电离质谱(DCBI-MS)对减肥类保健食品中违禁药物进行快速筛选,进而用高效液相色谱法(HPLC-UV)对疑似检出样品准确定量。方法通过DCBI-MS直接分析,对比标准物质的一级、二级质谱谱图,对检测样品中非法添加的芬氟拉明、酚酞、西布曲明、单去甲基西布曲明、双去甲基西布曲明进行定性鉴别。HPLC-UV对5种目标化合物准确定量。结果 HPLC-UV方法中各目标物的线性范围为0.25～300 mg/L。12个检测样品中3个样品共3种违禁物被DCBI-MS方法检出。高效液相色谱法准确复检结果显示DCBI-MS的半定量结果可信。结论 DCBI-MS无需样品预处理,单个样品的分析时间不到1 min,辅助高效液相色谱法实现了减肥类违禁药物的快速、高通量、高精度检测。     

基于TRIZ理论的儿童安全型泡罩药品包装设计

从多方面分析和总结了国内外儿童安全泡罩药品包装的现状和存在问题,提出了基于TRIZ理论的儿童安全型泡罩药品包装设计方案。     

ASGPR‐Mediated Uptake of Multivalent Glycoconjugates for Drug Delivery in Hepatocytes

Liver cells are an essential target for drug delivery in many diseases. The hepatocytes express the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which promotes specific uptake by means of N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) recognition. In this work, we designed two different chemical architectures to treat Wilson's disease by intracellular copper chelation. Two glycoconjugates functionalized with three or four GalNAc units each were shown to enter hepatic cells and chelate copper. Here, we studied two series of compounds derived from these glycoconjugates to find key parameters for the targeting of human hepatocytes. Efficient cellular uptake was demonstrated by flow cytometry using HepG2 human heptic cells that express the human oligomeric ASGPR. Dissociation constants in the nanomolar range showed efficient multivalent interactions with the receptor. Both architectures were therefore concluded to be able to compete with endogeneous asialoglycoproteins and serve as good vehicles for drug delivery in hepatocytes.