Patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brains of parent ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) given tactile and nontactile exposure to their young.

Neuronal activation was examined by fos immunohistochemistry in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) reunited with their young after overnight separation. In an initial study, squab-exposed parents showed more fos immunoreactivity (ir) in the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) than squab-deprived parents. In a 2nd study, parents allowed free access to young and those separated from young by a wire mesh partition showed more fos-ir in the POA, LH, and lateral septum than box-exposed controls. Contact with young also increased fos-ir in the medial preoptic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but noncontact exposure did not. Conversely, nontactile squab exposure stimulated more fos-ir in the POA than did free access to young, which suggests POA involvement in appetitive aspects of parenting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于改进BP神经网络的网络故障诊断研究

针对网络故障诊断过程中故障规则难以提取的问题,提出一种基于改进BP神经网络的故障诊断方法。以网络故障信息为样本对BP网络进行训练,利用其强大的自适应能力和非线性映射能力,建立起网络故障信息与故障模式输出之间的映射。同时,为了避免BP网络的学习算法陷入局部极小值,提高故障诊断的效率和精确度,采用L-M优化算法来对网络进行训练。另外,采取初期终止的方法提高BP网络的泛化能力。实例表明,该方法有效提高了网络故障诊断的有效性。     

消费文化影响下的体验型商业空间环境的营造

在消费社会的背景下,消费文化观念获得重要突破——"消费是一种体验",消费文化催生了现代商业空间环境的体验功能。本文归纳了在消费文化影响下体验型商业空间环境的特质,以案例为基础讨论了各类体验型商业空间环境的特点,并在设计理念的层面上对情境体验空间、主题体验空间、超现实体验空间的营造思路做出了探索。     

重症监护病房紧急状况预警算法

重症监护病房中的病人身体状况通常很不稳定,常出现各种需要医护人员介入治疗的紧急状况。由于医疗资源有限,医护人员可能无法及时发现并处理这些紧急状况,给病人的存活率带来严重的负面影响。如果可以预测这些紧急状况的发生,并及时通知相关医护人员,将大大提高病人的存活率。常见重症监护病房紧急状况包括突然死亡、败血症、肺部感染、急性低血压、以及器官衰竭等。紧急状况预警建模主要采用病人的长时间生命体征监测数据,预测在一定时间之后发生某种紧急状况的可能性。预警模型所采用的监测数据分为静态数据、事件数据和时间序列数据等三类。静态数据具有容易采集、但预测准确性偏低的特点。事件数据或时间序列数据、以及多种类型数据的混合数据对于紧急状况预警模型的预测性能的提高有重要作用,将会获得更广泛的应用。     

SCS模型在山区小流域山洪灾害预报预警中的适用性分析

预报预警是山洪灾害防治中重要的非工程措施,是防灾减灾救灾的关键环节。选取分别代表秦巴山地水资源保护区、西南地震作用区、喀斯特地区、黄土高原超渗产流区、东南沿海台风影响区的湖北省丹江口官山河流域、四川省都江堰白沙河流域、贵州省望谟县望谟河流域、陕西省子洲县岔巴沟流域、广东省高州市马贵河流域这5个典型流域,通过构建改进的SCS模型进行历史山洪模拟,探讨该模型在小流域暴雨山洪预报预警中的广泛适用性。结果表明:基于SCS模型构建的小流域暴雨山洪预报方案中官山河、白沙河、望谟河、马贵河方案均为乙级方案,可用于正式发布预报;岔巴沟为丙级方案,可用于参考性预报。SCS模型在5个典型示范区的洪峰流量预报精度普遍在80%左右,高于我国山洪灾害洪峰流量预报平均水平(40%)。总体来说,SCS模型对各类典型流域的山洪模拟效果较好,能够用于山洪灾害预报预警业务。SCS模型结构简单,参数少,特别适用于无资料地区推广应用。     

河流生态修复的国际经验及对长江大保护的启示

为推进长江大保护,针对长江流域河流生态修复的需求,梳理了美国杜瓦米什河、欧洲莱茵河和德国德莱萨姆河等河流生态修复的实践做法:重视立法和标准化建设,严格制度管理,健全工作机制,强化科技支撑,鼓励全民参与等;分析了长江大保护现状与面临的挑战:政策法规和行业标准不完善,顶层设计与整体谋划不足,工作机制和监管体系不完善,修复工作难点较多且科研能力薄弱,社会力量参与长江生态修复的主体意识不强;提出了长江流域开展河流生态修复工作的建议:健全法规、完善制度、强化机制、创新技术、立体宣传。     

Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging

Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models. Maternal separation and restraint stress were used to generate single or complex developmental trauma. Body weights of animals exposed to single trauma were similar to those of control animals; however, animals exposed to complex trauma exhibited loss of body weight when compared to controls. In behavioral tests, the complex developmental trauma group exhibited a decrease in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test when compared to control animals. In NeuroPET studies, the complex trauma group displayed a reduction in brain uptake values when compared to single trauma and control groups. Of neurotransmitter systems analyzed, the rate of decrease in brain uptake was the highest in the serotonergic group. Collectively, our results indicate that developmental trauma events induce behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes and dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, and there is currently no effective medicine to cure it. Early prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the pain of OA patients and save costs. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose OA at an early stage. There are various diagnostic methods for OA, but the methods applied to early diagnosis are limited. Ordinary optical diagnosis is confined to the surface, while laboratory tests, such as rheumatoid factor inspection and physical arthritis checks, are too trivial or time-consuming. Evidently, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid nondestructive detection method for the early diagnosis of OA. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive technique that has attracted much attention. In this review, near-infrared (NIR), infrared, (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were introduced to show their potential in early OA diagnosis. The basic principles were discussed first, and then the research progress to date was discussed, as well as its limitations and the direction of development. Finally, all methods were compared, and vibrational spectroscopy was demonstrated that it could be used as a promising tool for early OA diagnosis. This review provides theoretical support for the application and development of vibrational spectroscopy technology in OA diagnosis, providing a new strategy for the nondestructive and rapid diagnosis of arthritis and promoting the development and clinical application of a component-based molecular spectrum detection technology.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的BP神经网络在大坝变形分析中的应用

BP神经网络以其对非线性系统的强大映射能力而被广泛应用于模糊性、随机性强的大坝变形预测分析中。传统的BP神经网络由于初始权值和阈值的随机性,容易导致网络在训练过程中极易陷入局部最小值,同时存在网络收敛速度慢等缺点。针对传统算法的不足,采用改进的粒子群算法(IPSO)对BP网络的初始权值和阈值给予优化,建立大坝变形预测的IPSO-BP模型,并与PSO-BP网络模型进行对比。结果表明,改进的IPSO-BP模型具有收敛速度更快、预测精度更高的优点。该方法可供大坝安全监测和预警分析参考。