环境媒介与具身交互:艺术疗愈空间的热点与趋势

在人们情绪压力不断增大的当今社会,艺术疗愈以其创造性特征和非语言媒介帮助疗愈对象改善心理或身体状态,旨在讨论艺术疗愈空间中的环境媒介与疗愈过程中的具身交互关系、设计实践与价值。借助CiteSpace可视化软件分析近十年来的重要文献,揭示艺术疗愈的研究现状;运用文献计量学方法,探索环境媒介在艺术疗愈空间的应用,定义环境媒介的具身性、主体间性、沉浸性特征及三者间的关联;以具身交互理论为线索,结合设计案例分析疗愈空间中环境媒体的具身性实践与作用方式,以期进一步探索结合新兴技术的环境媒介未来在我国的应用发展。艺术疗愈空间的环境媒介能具身地影响疗愈对象的交互行为与认知,提高疗愈的效率和质量。环境媒介与具身交互能增进疗愈过程中的不同主体间的体验共享,并辅助疗愈对象沉浸地参与或融入艺术疗愈;数字技术的发展不断地丰富环境媒介的形式,提高艺术疗愈的效果。     

An Adaptive Role for DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Hippocampus-Dependent Learning and Memory

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), classified as the most harmful type of DNA damage based on the complexity of repair, lead to apoptosis or tumorigenesis. In aging, DNA damage increases and DNA repair decreases. This is exacerbated in disease, as post-mortem tissue from patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) show increased DSBs. A novel role for DSBs in immediate early gene (IEG) expression, learning, and memory has been suggested. Inducing neuronal activity leads to increases in DSBs and upregulation of IEGs, while increasing DSBs and inhibiting DSB repair impairs long-term memory and alters IEG expression. Consistent with this pattern, mice carrying dominant AD mutations have increased baseline DSBs, and impaired DSB repair is observed. These data suggest an adaptive role for DSBs in the central nervous system and dysregulation of DSBs and/or repair might drive age-related cognitive decline (ACD), MCI, and AD. In this review, we discuss the adaptive role of DSBs in hippocampus-dependent learning, memory, and IEG expression. We summarize IEGs, the history of DSBs, and DSBs in synaptic plasticity, aging, and AD. DSBs likely have adaptive functions in the brain, and even subtle alterations in their formation and repair could alter IEGs, learning, and memory.     

基于语言计算方法的语言认知实验综述

人脑对语言的理解过程十分复杂,涉及多个脑网络和加工机制。以往的工作大多采用严格控制的实验设计,针对特定的语言现象展开研究,导致了研究结论趋于碎片化,无法形成关于大脑语言理解的总体结论。另一方面,深度学习的出现引发了语言计算领域的技术变革,语言计算模型在多个任务上达到甚至超越了人类的水平。这为进行全局性、高生态效度的人脑语言理解实验带来可能性,促进了语言认知实验中引入语言计算模型方法的快速发展。那么,利用新兴的语言计算方法可以为大脑语言认知机理的研究带来哪些新的机遇和启发呢？该文归纳总结了利用语言计算方法进行语言认知实验的相关工作,并对未来发展趋势予以展望。     

一种基于本体的测试用例研究与应用

测试用例是软件测试的重要组成,也是软件测试成败的关键性因素之一。测试用例的完备性和复用性研究已经成为当前软件测试领域的两大热点。论文提出一种基于本体论的测试用例分析与刻画方法,它统一了测试用例的内涵,并为测试用例提供了可穷举的外延选择。该方法解决了软件测试用例完备性和复用性问题。     

基于认知无线电技术及其运用研究

随着科技的发展,人们生活水平的提高,无线用户逐渐增多,这使得原本宽松的频谱资源越来越紧张。而认知无线电技术给出一种全新的频率资源综合利用思路,大大提高频谱资源的利用率。首先介绍认知无线电技术的基本概念,接着分析认知无线电技术的关键技术和目前的运用情况。     

高中生主动性人格与职业生涯规划水平的关系:择业自我效能感和生涯适应力的作用

目的 随着生涯规划的普及,生涯教育的需求也逐渐提前,基于社会认知职业理论(SCCT),文本探索了高中生生涯适应力、择业自我效能感在主动性人格和职业生涯规划水平间的作用机制及其性别和家庭社会经济地位(SES)对其的影响.方法 本研究使用spss17.0和mplus7.0对810名高中生的问卷调查结果进行统计分析.结果(1...     

基于双手交互的指挥空间响应模型

自然高效的人机交互技术正快速发展,但双手交互技术和应用空间之间在认知上存在较大差距。使双手交互难以被广泛应用。该文对指挥空间进行认知级描述。根据指挥空间双手交互应用背景,按分布式认知和以用户为中心的思想构建一种基于双手交互的指挥空间交互响应模型。以解析的方式描述用户背景知识与交互响应间的关系,为指挥空间内双手交互的设计提供依据。     

Parenting at risk: New perspectives, new approaches.

In this lead paper for this special section, we advance the perspective that new insights into parenting at risk can be gained by focusing on the dynamic emotional processes that occur during parent–child exchanges, with special emphasis on parental emotions as experienced and their regulation of emotion and underlying cognitions, as well as the role of developmentally rooted cognitions in shaping these associations. We discuss the very few but germinal studies that embody this perspective and introduce work in this section that examines emotion dynamics during parenting in real time. We believe this perspective will move us beyond static conceptualizations of parenting at risk, broadens our understanding of parenting as a process, and accelerates our ability to identify the essential targets of intervention when parenting is at risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality–cognition relations across adulthood.

Although an increasing number of studies have investigated relations between dimensions of personality and level of cognitive functioning, the research results have been somewhat inconsistent. Furthermore, relatively little is known about whether the personality–cognition relations vary as a function of age in adulthood. The current project examined these issues with data from a sample of 2,317 adults between 18 and 96 years of age who each completed a personality inventory and performed a broad battery of cognitive tests. The results revealed strong relations of the personality trait of Openness with several distinct cognitive abilities and smaller relations of other personality traits with specific cognitive abilities. Comparisons across different age groups indicated that the personality–cognition relations were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar across the adult years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Knowledge of the ordinal position of list items in pigeons.

Ordinal knowledge is a fundamental aspect of advanced cognition. It is self-evident that humans represent ordinal knowledge, and over the past 20 years it has become clear that nonhuman primates share this ability. In contrast, evidence that nonprimate species represent ordinal knowledge is missing from the comparative literature. To address this issue, in the present experiment we trained pigeons on three 4-item lists and then tested them with derived lists in which, relative to the training lists, the ordinal position of the items was either maintained or changed. Similar to the findings with human and nonhuman primates, our pigeons performed markedly better on the maintained lists compared to the changed lists, and displayed errors consistent with the view that they used their knowledge of ordinal position to guide responding on the derived lists. These findings demonstrate that the ability to acquire ordinal knowledge is not unique to the primate lineage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)