利用南水北调工程改善济宁水生态环境的措施

通过对济宁市防治水污染技术研究, 提出水污染防治在政策措施上实施治污抓源头, 杜绝不达标排放; 在城市 建设规划上, 把河湖生态湿地建设、 改善居住生活环境与城市建设有机结合; 在河湖治理上, 坚持工程、 生物措施并 举; 在工程管护上, 坚持依法治水。利用南水北调东线工程建设, 实施水污染防治建设, 通过对济宁市水污染防治成 果的阐释, 为今后水污染治理提供成功的经验和做法。     

An Objective Method to Prioritize Socio‐Environmental Water Management Tradeoffs Using Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis

Rivers provide many social and environmental services that benefit humanity. A critical role of water mangers is to prioritize water allocation options that trade off socio‐economic and hydro‐ecological benefits in rivers. Methods for multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) provide a structured and systematic manner for researchers to aid in this process. In this paper, we describe a new MCDA method that prioritizes large multi‐dimensional sets of tradeoffs to support well‐informed water management in rivers. The method was developed based on an environmental flows planning study in the Goulburn‐Broken River catchment, Victoria, Australia. A combined simulation and heuristic optimization procedure was previously integrated into a hydrological catchment network model. That process resulted in a large set of viable daily water allocation schedules that traded off long‐term irrigation and hydro‐ecological benefits at the catchment outlet. We provided new guidance procedures to identify priority tradeoffs that can be used in stakeholder deliberations and catchment decision‐making. Our MCDA method included combined multi‐dimensional ordination and cluster analysis to spread the water allocation alternatives onto a two‐dimensional plane to discover alternatives with similar criteria tradeoffs. A geometric distance‐based method was performed on the full set of alternatives and on the identified clusters to rank the alternatives in accordance with minimizing the distance of the alternatives to an ideal but non‐feasible reference point in multi‐dimensional space. This method complements the use of elicitation procedures when water manager or other stakeholder interaction is not an option or when objectivity is desired. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Implementation of Web‐based argumentation in facilitating elementary school students to learn environmental issues

This research develops a Web‐based argumentation system named the Web‐based Interactive Argumentation System (WIAS). WIAS can provide teachers with the scaffolding for argumentation instruction. Students can propose their statements, collect supporting evidence and share and discuss with peers online. This research adopts a quasi‐experimental design, applying WIAS to the teaching of environmental issues, including mudslides, global warming and nuclear power. Fifty‐seven elementary school fifth graders from two classes participated in this research. With each class as a unit, they were divided into the WIAS group (n = 30) and the traditional argumentation instruction (TAI) group (n = 27). Before research, all students took the pre‐test of the ‘achievement test for environmental issues (ATEI)’ and the ‘environmental literacy scale (ELS).’ Then all students received argumentation training and six classes of argumentation instruction. Students in the WIAS group performed argumentation in the WIAS, while those in the TAI group performed argumentation in a traditional classroom. After the six‐class argumentation instruction, all students took the post‐test of the ATEI and ELS. The results show that students in the WIAS group have significantly better learning effectiveness than those in the TAI group. Students in the WIAS group also exhibited significantly better improvement in their environmental literacy.     

环境保护与汽车涂装

叙述了与汽车涂装相关的国际环保法规及汽车涂装的公害,重点介绍了汽车用环保型涂料、5R活动和3C1B涂装技术等环保达标措施.     

乙醇生产集成工艺流程的环境与经济性评价分析(英文)

乙醇是一种非常重要的可再生燃料,在本文中,从环境影响和经济效益的角度对不同的原料玉米、纤维素和乙烯生产制乙醇的工艺过程进行了评估,并利用AspenPlus模拟软件中的严格物料和能量平衡模块对典型的生产工艺进行了设计、模拟和优化。基于模拟的结果,提出了定量的环境影响方法一绿色度理论,并通过综合对比文献中报道的数据和模拟数据表明,纤维素制乙醇具有更强的环境影响优势,但在经济效益方面仍需要进一步改进。     

基于环境选择和配对选择的多目标粒子群算法

为了使多目标粒子群算法中种群粒子能够快速地收敛于怕累托最优边界,针对标准多目标粒子群算法中缺乏粒子评价标准以及种群个体历史最优值位置和全局最优值位置选择问题,提出了一种基于环境选择和配对选择策略的多目标粒子群算法.该算法在每次迭代时,采用SPEA2中的环境选择和配对选择策略及适应度值计算方法,以此来提高种群粒子之间的信息交换力度,减少标准多目标粒子群算法中大量的随机性,使种群粒子能够更快速地收敛于怕累托最优边界.经典测试函数的仿真实验结果表明,在标准多目标粒子群算法中运用SPEA2的环境选择、配对选择策略和适应度值计算方法,能够使种群粒子更快速地收敛于帕累托最优边界,验证了算法改进的可行性和有效性.     

HDPE耐环境应力开裂性能的研究及改进

对HDPE的耐环境应力开裂性能进行了研究。试验表明:采用共混及化学改性的方法,HDPE的耐环境应力开裂性能有了很大提高,为解决HDPE树脂在制作管材时出现的短时间内应力开裂问题提供了依据。     

基于无线传感网的智能环境监控系统设计

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中国化学工业有毒化学品和有害废物的安全与控制

有毒化学品和有害废物对环境的污染及对人体健康的危害是中国环境保护面临的重大问题。本文概述了中国处理有毒化学品和有害废物的国家政策,化学工业有毒化学品和有害废物安全与控制的现状,并指出存在的问题及优先改进的领域。     

生物制药厂EMS系统

介绍生物制药厂在线环境监测系统检测点的选取,系统设备选型和系统功能,系统通过一年多时间运行,证明设计合理,功能齐全,满足GMP要求,系统安全、可靠。