环保耐燃液压油在KR脱硫装置上的应用

针对武钢二炼钢厂1号KR液压系统磷酸酯液压油的改型问题,介绍如何选择环保耐燃液压油以及改型替换时的工作程序。     

环境氡气辐射规律及防治研究

氡对人体的辐射伤害占人体所受到的全部环境辐射的55%以上。氡气会导致肺癌、白血病、皮肤癌及其它呼吸道病变的产生。本文在国内外相近课题研究基础上,采用仪器测量及理论分析相结合的方法,对全国各地多种地质构造取样的数据进行分析处理,总结了地壳中放射性元素的分布规律及大气中氡的来源。文章着重从岩石、土壤、地下(热)水、矿山及室内几个方面讨论了氡浓度的影响因素及分布规律。最后提出了室内氡气防治方法及降氡措施,以便更好地进行放射性环境评价以避免氡对人体的危害。     

Physical Maltreatment Victim to Antisocial Child: Evidence of an Environmentally Mediated Process.

The well-documented finding that child physical maltreatment predicts later antisocial behavior has at least 2 explanations: (a) Physical maltreatment causes antisocial behavior, and (b) genetic factors transmitted from parents to children influence the likelihood that parents will be abusive and that children will engage in antisocial behavior. The authors tested these hypotheses in the representative Environmental-Risk cohort of 1,116 twin pairs and their families, who were assessed when the twins were 5 and 7 years old. Mothers reported on children's experience of physical maltreatment, and mothers and teachers reported on children's antisocial behavior. The findings support the hypothesis that physical maltreatment plays a causal role in the development of children's antisocial behavior and that preventing maltreatment can prevent its violent sequelae. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effect of some instrument operating conditions on the x-ray microanalysis of particles in the environmental scanning electron microscope

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the practical effects of electron beam broadening in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) on particle x-ray microanalysis and to determine some of the optimum operating conditions for this type of analysis. Four sets of experiments were conducted using a Faraday cage and particles of copper, glass, cassiterite, andrutile. The accelerating voltage and chamber pressure varied from 20 to 10 kV and from 665–66 Pa (5.0 to 0.5 torr), respectively. The standard gaseous secondary electron detectors (GSED) and the long environmental secondary dectectors (ESD) for the ESEM were evaluated at different working distances. The effect of these parameters on the presence of artifact peaks was evaluated. The particles were mounted on carbon tape on an aluminum specimen mount and were analyzed individually and as a mixture. Substrate peaks were present in almost all of the spectra. The presence of neighboring particle peaks and the number of counts in these depended upon the operating conditions. In general, few of these peaks were observed with the long ESD detector at 19 mm working distance and at low chamber pressures. More peaks and counts were observed with a deviation from these conditions. The most neighboring peaks and counts were obtained with the GSED detector at 21.5 mm working distance, 10 kV accelerating voltage, and 665 Pa (5.0 torr) chamber pressure. The results of these experiments support the idea that the optimum instrumental operating conditions for EDS analysis in the ESEM occur by minimizing the gas path length and the chamber water vapor pressure, and by maximizing the accelerating voltage. The results suggest that the analyst can expect x-ray counts from the mounting materials. These tests strongly support the recommendation of the manufacturer to use the long ESD detector and a 19 mm working distance for EDS analysis. The results of these experiments indicate that neighboring particles millimeters from the target may contribute x-ray counts to the spectrum.     

松花江水环境质量评价模糊可变集合工程方法

为对松花江哈尔滨江段的水质进行科学准确的评价,首先证明该江段水环境质量评价物元分析法关联函数基本公式的错误,然后在工程可变模糊集理论的基础上,提出以相对差异函数表示的模糊可变集合工程方法,对该江段水环境质量进行评价.通过实例,将结果与物元分析法进行比较,验证模型与方法的合理性.同时分析物元分析法对松花江哈尔滨江段的水质评价成果的逻辑错误,指出物元分析法不能用于水环境质量评价等领域.     

施工阶段环境污染问题分析与防治措施

归纳分析了施工阶段存在的污染问题,提出了相关的解决措施和办法,阐述了绿色施工和建筑业可持续发展的含义.     

环境美学视野中的山水城市理念

从阐述宜居城市的内涵出发,提出乐居是宜居的最高境界,并进而在此基础上,透过环境美学的视野,分析了山水城市理念与城市乐居追求的内在关联,指出环境美学试图营造的让人乐居的理想居住环境,实际上与山水城市的理念殊途同归．     

废弃矿山固废环境风险评价方法与分级监管建议

中国是矿业大国,矿种丰富,造成历史遗留矿山众多。因矿种类型复杂、不同地区气候差异大、水文地质条件不同以及周边环境敏感度迥异,致使其环境风险不明,环境污染底数不清,目前仍缺乏针对历史遗留矿山环境风险的评价方法体系。本研究尝试建立了一种基于层次分析法的历史遗留矿山环境风险评估方法,选择具有主导作用、代表性的12项指标构建了基于评价目标层、评价准则层与评价因子层的历史遗留矿山固废环境风险评价三级指标体系,包括矿种类别、固废属性、自然条件、管理措施、保护目标与环境质量等,构建了判断矩阵并通过一致性检验,明确了各影响要素的权重。根据实际赋分情况,将历史遗留矿山环境风险等级分为一般、较大和严重三个等级。在此基础上提出了针对不同风险等级应采取的管理措施：自然衰减、风险管控与修复治理。最后将建立的评价方法应用于某地区的10个历史遗留矿山的环境风险评价,结果显示该地区一般、较大和严重风险的矿山数量分别为7、2和1,评价结果可为历史遗留矿山的差异性环境监管工作提供参考。     

α—Fe2O3气敏元件的可靠性环境试验

探讨了α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３半导体气敏元件的可靠性环境试验方法，对该元件的可靠性环境试验结果进行了数据处理和统计分析；探讨了该元件的主要失效模式，运用不同的评定方法对元件的环境应力适应能力进行了定量估计。     

环境水体中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs的监测方法

以国家标准为基础,对环境水体中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs的监测方法进行了技术改进:增大采样量(50~100L),选择高效沉淀剂和低水平探测器。采用改进后的方法测定了50~100L水中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs,结果显示:~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs的浓集效率分别为(91.3±2.8)%和(97.2±1.4)%;~(90)Sr的全程回收率为81.5%±2.8%;~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs的探测下限分别为8.6×10~(-4) Bq/L和9.8×10~(-4) Bq/L。50L水中~(90)Sr的比对结果显示,4家实验室测定值与标称值的相对偏差均小于11%。以上结果表明,该方法适用于环境水中微量~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs的监测,可满足环境本底调查和环境监测的要求。