绘画艺术与心理的完美结合

艺术是一种用形象来反映现实但比现实有典型性的社会意识形态,而其中的绘画艺术作为一种非语言的沟通工具,可以让观察者了解语言文字无法揭示的东西,同时绘画艺术的存在是与心理完美结合着的,共同服务于人类社会。     

Daily impaired detachment and short-term effects of impaired sleep quality on next-day commuting near-accidents – an ambulatory diary study

This study investigated the short-term effects of daily recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment from work and various actigraphical indicators of sleep quality, on near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Furthermore, the mediating effect of actigraphically assessed sleep quality on the relationship between impaired psychological detachment from work and near-accidents when commuting to work was analysed. Fifty-six full-time employees of a Swiss assurance company participated in the one-week study. Multilevel analyses revealed that impaired detachment was highly related to a decrease in sleep duration. Furthermore, impaired daily recovery processes, such as impaired psychological detachment from work and disturbed sleep quality, were related to commuting near-accidents. Impaired sleep quality mediated the effect of impaired psychological detachment from work on these near-accidents. Our results show that occupational safety interventions should address both impaired psychological detachment from work and sleep quality in order to prevent near accidents when commuting to work.

Practitioner Summary: Commuting accidents occur frequently and have detrimental effects on employees, organisations and society. This study shows that daily lack of recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment and impaired sleep quality, is related to near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Primary prevention of commuting accidents should therefore address daily lack of recovery.     

军校新生学员的转型问题探析

为使军校新生学员尽快融入军校的知识学习和军事训练之中,归纳了军校新生学员因环境变化而带来的思想、生活、自主学习、心理和人际交流等5个方面＂不适应＂的主要表现,分析了产生这些＂不适应＂表现的家庭、社会教育和新生自身3种主要原因,提出了加强思想教育和心理适应教育、确立学习奋斗目标、改进学习方法、教员注意教法上的衔接、营造和谐的学习生活环境、发挥队干部和新生干部作用等主要措施.     

A method for predicting the risk of virtual crashes in a simulated driving task using behavioural and subjective drowsiness measures

Abstract

This study proposed a procedure for predicting the point in time with high risk of virtual crash using a control chart methodology for behavioural measures during a simulated driving task. Tracking error, human back pressure, sitting pressure and horizontal and vertical neck bending angles were measured during the simulated driving task. The time with a high risk of a virtual crash occurred in 9 out of 10 participants. The time interval between the successfully detected point in time with high risk of virtual crash and the point in time of virtual crash ranged from 80 to 324 s. The proposed procedure for predicting the point in time with a high risk of a crash is promising for warning drivers of the state of high risk of crash.

Practitioner Summary: Many fatal crashes occur due to drowsy driving. We proposed a method to predict the point in time with high risk of virtual crash before such a virtual crash occurs. This is done using behavioural measures during a simulated driving task. The effectiveness of the method is also demonstrated.     

驾驶人静态可靠性分析

为了研究驾驶人因素对道路交通安全的影响,本文从静态角度出发,对驾驶人可靠性进行了研究．通过对驾驶人驾车时的心理反应进行问卷调查,并对问卷数据进行统计分析,得到了驾驶人在安全态度意识、情绪及个性方面的量化值,实现了驾驶人静态特性的量化;然后采用层次聚类分析方法来寻找驾驶人的聚类规律,实现了对驾驶人静态可靠性的分类描述及定性分析;得出的结果可作为驾驶人可靠性模型研究的基础．     

高职院校心理健康教育工作的问题与对策

针对高职院校心理健康教育工作存在的问题,应科学构建心理健康教育工作体系,实施教育、咨询、测验、干预相结合的内容体系,加强心理健康教育师资队伍建设,进一步促进高职院校心理健康教育工作深入开展和大学生健康成长.     

称呼语选择的顺应性理论探讨

称呼语在人们的日常交往中起着非常重要的作用,它常是传递给对方的第一个信息。发话者可以通过称呼语的选择来引起受话者注意和保持与受话者之间的联系,对于日常交际和人际关系有着重要的影响。得体地使用称呼语是交际能力中很重要的一个方面。因此,对称呼语的研究具有重要的实践意义。文章尝试以Verschueren(1999)的语言顺应论为理论框架来阐释称呼语的正确选用,以期对此语言现象的进一步研究有所贡献。     

大学生主流情感认同缺失的心理成因及应对

情感认同是指对个人及群体之间的共同情感的确认。主流情感认同是国家、民族确立其正统性的重要依据。然而受到诸多因素的影响,我国大学生对待本民族和传统情感及精髓却表现出多方面的缺失。作为未来社会的继承者和建设者,大学生主流情感缺失必将对文化、民族、国家的健康延续产生重要影响。分析大学生主流情感认同缺失的心理成因,找出应对办法,对情感传承、情感立场与态度的确认具有重大战略意义。     

浅析人的心理实质

人的心理实质问题是心理学研究所要解决的基本问题,目前心理学界公认的是反映论的心理实质观,但近年来不少学者对这一观点进行了反思,提出了质疑。本文回顾了国内外心理学界对人的心理实质问题的研究历史,简要介绍了反映论的心理实质观对该问题的论述和观点,进一步探讨和分析反映论的心理实质观的偏差和不足,阐述了当今学者在人的心理实质问题上提出的新观点。