外源脂肪酶对腊鸭腿品质的影响

为探讨外源脂肪酶对腊鸭腿加工过程中品质变化的影响,实验组采用外源脂肪酶对鸭腿进行处理,与对照组(未加酶组)进行品质比较。分别对腊鸭腿腌制、烘烤、烟熏、风干第7、14、21、28d各加工阶段采样,进行感官、水分含量、水分活度、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、pH、过氧化值(PV)及硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值等指标的测定。感官评定结果显示,风干第14d的实验组与风干第21d对照组品质最优;理化指标测定结果表明:风干至第14d,实验组的水分含量、水分活度分别降至45.9%和0.806,游离脂肪酸中饱和脂肪酸与多不饱和脂肪酸分别达到3.63g/100g脂肪及2.033g/100g脂肪,过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值分别升高至0.0326g/100g脂肪及0.7892mg/100g脂肪,各指标均接近风干第21d对照组;综合感官指标及主要理化指标得出,实验组风干第14d达到成熟,较对照组缩短成熟期一周。      

转Bar、Bt基因双抗大米外源基因在食品加工过程中稳定性的研究

旨在了解转Bar、Bt基因双抗大米外源基因在酒酿和米果加工过程中的稳定性,以转Bar、Bt基因双抗大米为原料,进行了6种不同方式的加工,并针对其加工品中外源基因(包括CaMV35S启动子、Ubiquitin启动子、NOS终止子、Bar基因和Bt基因)进行不同大小片段的PCR扩增。结果表明,实验中长度小于200bp的片段均具有较高的GC含量(NOS终止子除外)和良好的稳定性。      

基于软件仿真技术的外源性故障注入方法研究

针对当前复杂系统测试性试验中存在的无法模拟外部条件性存在的设备故障、外部输入输出故障模式单一等故障注入问题,定义了外源性故障的概念;针对外源性故障具有的功能逻辑和运行场景特性、故障源繁杂特性、模拟难度大成本高特性、总线交联特性,总结了外源性故障注入的基本要求;提出了一种面向外总线复杂应用数据仿真的外源性故障注入方法,面向总线应用层数据,从复杂系统的高级应用逻辑出发,模拟复杂系统交联环境、使用方式等故障行为,建立自动化的实时仿真故障注入环境,通过全数字仿真模型模拟交联环境的行为,进一步通过模型输入、输出或模型参数的改变,实施总线高级行为的故障注入。最后阐述了测试性试验中的外源性故障注入实施方案,分析了该方法的关键技术和环境构建思路,制定了外源性故障注入试验的实施流程。     

外源蛋白对大豆油脂体稳定性的影响

通过水提法辅助去离子水洗涤或碱液洗涤,从大豆中分别提取得到富含外源蛋白的粗油脂体（crude oil bodies,COB）和几乎不含外源蛋白的纯油脂体（purified oil bodies,POB）,考察不同环境因素（pH值、Na＋浓度和热处理温度）对COB和POB稳定性的影响,以及油脂体的流变学特性。结果表明：大豆POB中蛋白主要成分为油体蛋白,而COB中除油体蛋白外还含有大量外源蛋白,主要包括大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白。相比于POB（平均粒径（475.06±4.49）nm和Zeta电位（－14.00±1.86）mV）,外源蛋白的存在导致COB具有较高的平均粒径（（552.93±9.40）nm）和较低的Zeta电位（（－35.03±0.60）mV）。大豆COB中蛋白等电点在pH 4.5左右,此pH值也接近大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白等电点,而大豆POB中蛋白等电点位于pH 5.5左右。在不同pH值和Na＋浓度下,大豆POB较COB具有更好的稳定性,这可能是由于大豆COB中外源蛋白的存在使其更易受环境影响而产生静电和疏水作用的改变,从而降低其稳定性,而不同热处理温度对大豆COB和POB稳定性影响不大。此外,大豆COB和POB均具有剪切稀化特性,但COB的黏度高于POB,这进一步证明了外源蛋白的存在对大豆油脂体加工性能的影响,为不同油脂体的产品研发提供思路。     

Attentional Capture by an Unannounced Color Singleton Depends on Expectation Discrepancy.

Eight experiments examined the conditions under which a color singleton that is presented for the 1st time without prior announcement captures attention. The main hypothesis is that an unannounced singleton captures attention to the extent that it deviates from expectations. This hypothesis was tested within a visual-search paradigm in which set-size effects were used to infer attentional capture. The results showed that attentional capture by an unannounced color singleton was due to a mismatch with expectations concerning the color of the object and not due to its being a singleton. Thus, the results imply that theories of attention have to consider expectation discrepancy as a determinant of attention shifts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characteristics of covert and overt visual orienting: Evidence from attentional and oculomotor capture.

Five visual search experiments found oculomotor and attentional capture consistent with predictions of contingent orienting, contrary to claims that oculomotor capture is purely stimulus driven. Separate saccade and attend-only conditions contained a color target appearing either singly, with an onset or color distractor, or both. In singleton mode, onsets produced oculomotor and attentional capture. In feature mode, capture was absent or greatly reduced, providing evidence for top-down modulation of both types of capture. Although attentional capture by color abstractors was present throughout, oculomotor capture by color occurred only when accompanied by transient change, providing evidence for a dissociation between oculomotor and attentional capture. Oculomotor and attentional capture appear to be mediated by top-down attentional control settings, but transient change may be necessary for oculomotor capture. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Activité Cardiaque et Comportement: Mesures des Premiers Processus D'Interaction Entre L'Organisme Naissant et Son Environnement.

Two hypotheses are examined in order to explain the interactive mechanisms between the neonate and its environment: at birth, the organism is passive and its response to the outer world is defensive, or, in the contrary, it possesses active interactive and learning capacities. Recent work on the neonate's spontaneous cyclic activities and his motor and physiological reactivity gave evidence of his discriminative and adaptative capacities. Analysing the interrelations between many variables, it was possible to demonstrate a neonatal cardiac orienting response. The meaning of the stimulus and its signal value (attention or action) would determine the nature of the behavioral and cardiac responses of the organism. The meaning of the measured responses and the nature of the interaction between the organism and the environment could be precised by the correlated analysis of motor and physiological systems. By such a method it was possible to demonstrate that, at first, development starts as an active interactive and learning process in a specific environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

接种复合菌的干腌美国红鱼在加工过程中的品质变化

该文以植物乳杆菌和酵母菌作为复合发酵剂部分替代钠盐以制备低盐的干腌美国红鱼。通过测定其水分活度和水分含量、色差、质构及pH值、蛋白质氧化性的指标,研究复合菌对美国红鱼在干腌过程中对其氧化现象的抑制作用。研究结果表明：同时加入植物乳杆菌和酵母菌外源微生物的样品水分活度和pH值与对照组无显著性差异（P>0.05）,对照组和混菌组水分含量分别是35.21%（m/m）和35.35%（m/m）,水分含量与对照组有显著性差异（P<0.05）,说明用复合菌替代部分钠盐不影响干腌红鱼的保藏性。复合菌使干腌红鱼分别在亮度（L*）低于对照组（P<0.05）、黄度（b*）高于对照组（P<0.05）,表明复合菌有助于维持干腌红鱼肉色稳定性。此外,在加工过程中,接种复合菌可以改善干腌鱼的质构特性。复合菌研究表明,分析干腌红鱼蛋白氧化导致的蛋白羰基含量显著增长,巯基含量显著下降,羰基含量显著上升现象。该结果显示,生产时可添加复合菌代替部分钠盐,可以显著减少加工过程中的蛋白氧化现象。此外,与单独加入酵母菌的红鱼相比,单独加入植物乳杆菌的红鱼抑制蛋白氧化效果更好。     

fMRI Study Revealing Neural Mechanisms of the Functions of SOA in Spatial Orienting

It is well documented that orienting attention plays an important role in visual search. However, it remains unclear how the executive brain regions will act when two different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) are used in visual search. In this work, event-related fMRI was used to investigate neural mechanisms on the functions of SOA in endogenous and exogenous orienting. The results showed that in the endogenous orienting, long SOA versus short SOA resulted in widespread cortical activation mainly including right medial frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyri. Conversely, in exogenous orienting, long SOA compared to short SOA resulted in only activations in bilateral middle frontal gyri. These findings indicated that these two spatial orienting involved different brain areas and neural mechanisms.