Exogenous Application of Low-Concentration Sugar Enhances Brassinosteroid Signaling for Skotomorphogenesis by Promoting BIN2 Degradation

In plants, seedling growth is subtly controlled by multiple environmental factors and endogenous phytohormones. The cross-talk between sugars and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling is known to regulate plant growth; however, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate hormone-dependent growth responses with exogenous sucrose in plants are incompletely understood. Skotomorphogenesis is a plant growth stage with rapid elongation of the hypocotyls. In the present study, we found that low-concentration sugars could improve skotomorphogenesis in a manner dependent on BR biosynthesis and TOR activation. However, accumulation of BZR1 in bzr1-1D mutant plants partially rescued the defects of skotomorphogenesis induced by the TOR inhibitor AZD, and these etiolated seedlings displayed a normal phenotype like that of wild-type seedlings in response to both sucrose and non-sucrose treatments, thereby indicating that accumulated BZR1 sustained, at least partially, the sucrose-promoted growth of etiolated seedlings (skotomorphogenesis). Moreover, genetic evidence based on a phenotypic analysis of bin2-3bil1bil2 triple-mutant and gain-of-function bin2–1 mutant plant indicated that BIN2 inactivation was conducive to skotomorphogenesis in the dark. Subsequent biochemical and molecular analyses enabled us to confirm that sucrose reduced BIN2 levels via the TOR–S6K2 pathway in etiolated seedlings. Combined with a determination of the cellulose content, our results indicated that sucrose-induced BIN2 degradation led to the accumulation of BZR1 and the enhancement of cellulose synthesis, thereby promoting skotomorphogenesis, and that BIN2 is the converging node that integrates sugar and BR signaling.     

牛肉中孕酮的气相色谱/燃烧炉/同位素比质谱检测

建立了牛肉中孕酮的气相色谱/燃烧炉/同位素比质谱(GC/C/IRMS)检测方法。牛肉样品用乙腈振荡和超声辅助提取,经Na Cl脱水,有机相离心和旋转蒸发后以Zn Cl2脱脂,然后用LC-C18、LC-Si、LC-NH2固相萃取柱净化,过滤液经半制备液相色谱(Pre-HPLC)的C18柱纯化,最后分析物以GC/C/IRMS系统分析。牛肉中加标外源性孕酮δ13C值为-30.64±0.24‰(n=6),牛肉内源性孕酮δ13C值为-25.70±0.13‰(n=6),单因素方差分析(ANOVA,p值=2.23×10-140.05)显示,内源性孕酮和外源性孕酮的δ13C值存在显著差异性,且牛肉中加标外源性孕酮δ13C值与孕酮标准溶液的δ13C值无差异性。同时,经模拟实验可知,实际样品中内外源性孕酮混合物的δ13C值与外源性孕酮的δ13C值具有同源性。结果表明,本方法特异性和准确性好,GC/C/IRMS是鉴别激素来源的有效工具,该方法填补了国内鉴别激素来源技术空白。     

外源成分对肉制品中杂环胺抑制效果的研究进展

杂环胺是一类由高蛋白类食品在高温烹调加工时产生的具有致癌和致突变性的有机物。肉制品加工过程中烧烤、卤煮、煎炸和油炸等多种热加工方式均可导致杂环胺的生成,通过添加外源成分抑制肉制品加工过程中杂环胺的形成是当前研究热点。本文重点对外源添加成分对不同加工方式肉制品杂环胺形成的抑制研究进行综述,并对其研究现状进行简要总结。     

D022型Ni3(V,Al)相沉淀过程中应力取向效应的微观相场模拟

应用耦合共格弹性畸变的微观弹性相场法研究D022型Ni3(V,Al)相沉淀过程中的应力取向效应。结果表明,在弹性内应力作用下,D022沉淀相表现出明显的位向性:相颗粒倾向于沿应力软方向[100]生长而在[001]方向受抑制,即生长方向与长轴[001]方向垂直,D022相最终沉淀形貌呈"层"状;沉淀过程中三类D022相变体相互协调以减小共格畸变能,最终D022-variant Ⅲ消失,存留的两类中D022-variant Ⅰ体积比占优。     

儿童数字加工绩效研究

本研究采用Posner的经典内源性注意和外源性注意实验范式,以数字加工反应时和数字距离效应为考察对象,探讨了儿童数字加工的绩效。结果表明:(1)两种注意条件下,在数字加工过程中提示效度和被试类型的交互作用显著;(2)数字加工绩效随年龄增长而提高,三年级的儿童处于发展中,六年级儿童已经接近成人水平。     

半固态加工中的触变强度及其影响因素研究

结合半固态金属具有触变性的特点,提出触变强度是触变点对应的应力,阐述了触变强度的研究意义,并结合高固相率下半固态金属等温压缩真应力-应变曲线研究了外变量包括坯料的加热温度、应变速率、保温时间和内变量包括固相体积分数、晶粒尺寸、晶粒的球形度、结构参数、半固态材料的固相屈服强度、半固态材料的初始表观粘度等对触变强度的影响。     

Sex-specific association between psychopathic traits and electrodermal reactivity in children.

This study investigated the relationship of skin conductance response (SCR) to a child psychopathy measure. Blunted electrodermal activity is a theoretically important characteristic of psychopathy, but it has not been fully explored in preadolescents or females. The authors tested the hypothesis that reduced SCR magnitude is associated with psychopathic-like traits in boys and girls. Participants were drawn from an ethnically diverse community sample of 9- to 10-year-old twins. Given the fact that members of each twin pair were rated by the same individual (i.e., their caregiver) on the Child Psychopathy Scale, the authors examined individual differences at the within-family level. Skin conductance data were collected during a passive auditory task consisting of 75-dB tones as well as miscellaneous sounds (e.g., baby cries, bird noises, and speech-like stimuli). Reduced SCR magnitude (hyporeactivity) was characteristic only of boys with higher psychopathy scores. More specifically, electrodermal hyporeactivity was linked to the interpersonal facet of psychopathy, suggesting that it is a biological marker of a manipulative and deceitful orientation in males. No association was found between SCRs and psychopathic traits in girls, indicating the importance of sex specific etiologies of psychopathy in childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

外源H2对沼气发酵体系的影响

以水稻秸秆为原料,在30 L搅拌发酵罐中55℃下进行厌氧发酵产沼气实验,探索外源H₂的连续导入对发酵过程的影响。结果表明：外源H₂的导入可以实现沼气的原位提纯,CH₄相对平均体积分数从69.6%可提高到94.4%（搅拌速度100 r·min^-1）,同时CO₂相对平均体积分数从30.4%降低至5.6%（搅拌速度100 r·min^-1）;对比无搅拌的小试装置,搅拌速度为50 r·min^-1时,搅拌可将外源H₂的利用率从91.0%提高到93.1%,转化率从85.0%提高到96.8%;外源氢的导入可明显促进丙酸、丁酸和异丁酸的降解,可有效地避免发酵过程中VFAs的累积问题,同时搅拌的加强对发酵体系乙酸分解产CH₄和沼液中CO₂的消耗也有明显的促进作用,最终使得沼液的pH略有上升;外源H₂的通入与搅拌改变了发酵系统内的微生物群落组成比例,但并未对系统内的产CH₄微生物群落结构产生明显的影响。     

外源因素对萌发大豆中VC含量的影响

大豆不含VC,但在萌发过程中会产生VC,且生成量随萌发天数的延长而增加。在大豆萌发过程中分别采用葡萄糖、L-半乳糖、D-甘露糖、碘化钾浸泡以及紫外光照射,研究外源因素对VC含量的影响。结果表明：葡萄糖、L-半乳糖、碘化钾溶液浸泡以及紫外光照射对VC合成均有不同程度的促进作用,其中L-半乳糖浸泡的作用最大,与未处理相比VC增加了8.43mg/100g;其次是葡萄糖浸泡,VC增加了4.23mg/100g,且较低葡萄糖质量浓度下延长浸泡时间优于高质量浓度短时浸泡。紫外光照射从第5天开始对VC合成的促进作用明显加强。     

Growth Promotion of Yunnan Pine Early Seedlings in Response to Foliar Application of IAA and IBA

A field experiment was conducted using a 3 × 3 orthogonal regression design to explore the growth promotion of one-year-old Yunnan pine seedlings (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) in response to foliar application of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) at rates of 0, 200 and 400 mg·L(-1) and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) at rates of 0, 200 and 400 mg·L(-1) in order to promote the growth during the seedlings' early stage. The experiment was conducted at the Lufeng Village Forest Farm of Yiliang County in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The results showed that IAA and IBA were effective in growth promotion of Yunnan pine seedlings. The response of both growth increment and biomass accumulation to the concentration of IAA and IBA can be modeled using a bivariate surface response, and each growth index had a peak value. Growth indexes increased with the increase of the dosage of photohormones before reaching a peak value, and then decreased. The different growth indexes had various responses to the concentrations and ratio of IAA and IBA. The foliar application of IAA in combination with IBA showed the largest improvement on the biomass of the needles, followed by stems and roots. The higher ratio of IAA promoted stem diameter growth, root system development and biomass accumulation in the needles, while a higher ratio of IBA contributed to height growth and biomass accumulation in the stem. Based on the auxin effect equations on the different growth indexes and surface response, the optimum concentrations and the (IAA:IBA) ratios can be obtained. The optimum concentrations of IAA and IBA were 167 and 186, 310 and 217, 193 and 159, 191 and 221, and 206 and 186 mg·L(-1), with corresponding ratios of 1:1.11, 1:0.70, 1:0.82, 1:1.15 and 1:0.90, respectively, at the maximum seedling height and collar diameter growth as well as biomass accumulation at the root, stem and needle. The above growth indexes were 22.00%, 79.80%, 48.65%, 82.20% and 107.00% higher than the control treatment.