一种采用新型聚类方法的最佳类簇数确定算法

聚类分析是统计学、模式识别和机器学习等领域的研究热点.通过有效的聚类分析,数据集的内在结构与特征可以被很好地发掘出来.然而,无监督学习的特性使得当前已有的聚类方法依旧面临着聚类效果不稳定、无法对多种结构的数据集进行正确聚类等问题.针对这些问题,首先将K-means算法和层次聚类算法的聚类思想相结合,提出了一种混合聚类算...     

An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis

A permutation test is proposed for examining the significance of effects in unreplicated factorial experiments. The procedure tests each effect with a separate sampling distribution using a test statistic that is equivalent to the optimal invariant decision rule of Birnbaum. The proposed test is more flexible than other methods proposed for the same situation because it requires no a priori assumptions regarding the underlying distribution of the data nor does it impose any practical restriction on the number of potentially significant effects present.     

Elementary Statistics

Fractional two-level factorial designs are often used in the early stages of an investigation to screen for important factors. Traditionally, 2 ^n-k fractional factorial designs of resolution III, IV, or V have been used for this purpose. When the investigator is able to specify the set of nonnegligible factorial effects, it is sometimes possible to obtain an orthogonal design with fewer runs than a standard textbook design by searching within a wider class of designs called parallel-flats designs. The run sizes in this class of designs do not necessarily need to be powers of 2. We discuss an algorithm for constructing orthogonal parallel-flats designs to meet user specifications. Several examples illustrate the use of the algorithm.     

Fuzzy Inference System for Modeling of Zinc Removal Using Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration

Discrete event computer simulation is one of the most widely used modeling tools for production systems. The major objective of this study is to develop a fuzzy rule-based model for the evaluation of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) performance. In the current work, the foldover fractional factorial designs were applied as a screening experiment to determine all the influential factors affect Zn²⁺ rejection and permeate flux response. According to analysis of the variance (ANOVA) a three-screened significant factors, three-level full factorial designs (3 ^k ) was applied. Finally, a fuzzy model has been developed to predict and calculate the output variables. These mathematical models are found to be reliable predictive tools with an excellent accuracy with AARE ±1.08%, ±3.75%, in comparison with experimental values for permeate flux and rejection, respectively. It was observed that there is acceptable agreement between and fuzzy model results with experimental data.     

Development and validation of a scale to capture social desirability in food safety culture

The evaluation of food safety culture in a food company is influenced by human factors such as employees' tendency to respond to social desirability – a reflection of respondents' tendency to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. Building on previous research a self-assessment scale consisting of 18-statements (FSDRS) was developed to capture desirable responding in food safety. Statistical analyses of data collected from 816 North-American food manufacturing professionals revealed that a shortened 14-item version of the FSDRS scale provides a reliable and valid measurement of the extent to which employees deceive themselves. It is concluded that the proposed FSDRS will enrich food safety culture measurement and food safety performance.     

Determinants of the intention to use Buy-Online,Pickup In-Store (BOPS): The moderating effects of situational factors and product type

Despite the wider introduction of the buy online and pick up in-store (BOPS) service by retailers, research on BOPS is still sparse, especially those from the consumer perspective. This paper employs the scenario-based factorial survey method to investigate how the perceived characteristics of innovation and the perceived risk of online shopping influence the consumers’ intention to use BOPS while also considering the moderating effects of situational factors (location convenience) and product type (involvement). Our findings indicated that the consumer perceptions of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, and risks involved in online shopping are important antecedents to intention to use BOPS, and that these relationships were significantly moderated by locational convenience and product involvement. The implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed in detail.     

Design and statistical analysis of plasma coatings on superalloy for gas turbine applications

The Influence of plasma sprayed NiCr–Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃–40% TiO₂ (A40T) coatings on Inconel 617 are investigated at 900 and 1000 °C under mixed salt environment for gas turbine applications. The results revealed that the plasma coated alloy exhibits lower mass change than bare alloy in the Na₂SO₄ and NaCl salt mixture with and without V₂O₅. The response to the experimental analysis is statistically evaluated using 2³ factorial design. Further the exposed samples were analyzed by means of optical image, SEM, EDS and XRD results. The EDS and XRD analysis revealed that the oxides are rich in Ni and Mo on the surface of the samples. The coated samples exhibited better corrosion resistance in A40T when compared to NiCr–Cr₂O₃ coatings than bare alloy.     

Hot Ductility of Tool Steels

Abstract

Four tool steels (A2, D2, M2 and W1) representing a wide variety of compositions (and carbide content) were hot deformed in torsion between 900 and 1200 °C at strain rates of 0.1, 1 and 4 s^?1. Carbides contribute to an increase in strength but to a lower ductility. The plain carbon tool steel (W1) with no carbides was very ductile at all test conditions, but the alloy steels displayed poor ductility due predominantly to void formation around the carbides at lower and medium temperatures and incipient melting at higher temperatures. The effects of carbides on ductility depend on their morphology and distribution. Alloy tool steels experience eutectic solidification of the networks of primary carbides that are broken up by hot working thereby improving ductility. Hot rolled stocks experience directional ductility; such anisotropy is reduced by further working. The alloy steels display parabolic ductility curves for each strain rate; the ductility increases with decreasing strain rate and a rise in temperature up to a maximum of about 1000 °C for A2 and D2 and about 1050 °C for M2. The M2 steel, despite having the highest volume fraction of carbides and strength, displays the greatest ductility followed relatively closely by A2. D2, though close to M2 in carbide volume and strength, has much lower ductility.

On a déformé par torsion à chaud, entre 900 °C et 1200 °C, à des taux de déformation de 0.1, 1 et 4 s-1, quatre aciers à outils (A2, D2, M2 et W1), couvrant une bonne variété de compositions (et de teneurs en carbure). Les carbures augmentent la résistance à la traction mais diminuent la ductilité. L'acier à outils au carbone (W1), sans carbures, était très ductile sous toutes les conditions d'essais. Les aciers alliés ont affiché une faible ductilité à cause, principalement, de la formation de lacune autour des carbures, aux températures basses et intermédiaires, et à cause de la fonte initiale, aux plus hautes températures. L'effet des carbures sur la ductilité dépend de leur morphologie et de leur distribution. Les aciers alliés à outils subissent une solidification eutectique des réseaux de carbures primaires qui sont brisés par le formage à chaud, ce qui améliore la ductilité. Les matériaux laminés à chaud montrent une ductilité directionnelle; une telle anisotropie est réduite par le formage additionnel. Les aciers alliés affichent des courbes de ductilité paraboliques pour chaque taux de déformation, la ductilité augmentant avec une diminution du taux de déformation et une augmentation de la température, jusqu'à un maximum d'environ 1000 °C pour le A2 et le D2 et d' environ 1050 °C pour le M2. L'acier M2, en dépit de sa plus grande fraction volumique de carbures et d'une plus grande résistance, affiche la plus grande ductilité, suivi de relativement près par le A2 puis par le D2 qui, bien que se rapprochant du M2 pour ce qui est du volume en carbure et de la résistance, a une ductilité beaucoup plus faible.     

Nonlinear performance evaluation model for throughput of AQM scheme using full factorial design approach

The performance of active queue management (AQM) is measured in terms of throughput, delay, queue size, and loss rate. We have carried out the optimized performance measure of throughput for AQM scheme random early detection (RED) using full factorial design (FDD) technique that is a new approach of performance analysis particularly for congestion control algorithms. We have considered the input factors, viz, buffer size, maximum threshold, and the number of file transfer protocol (FTP) sources for the evaluation of RED that can be used for other AQM schemes, viz, adaptive RED, three‐section RED (TRED), and adaptive queue management with random dropping (AQMRD). The effect of each input factor as well as their interactions are evaluated using factorial design technique that results to obtain the nonlinear equation for performance measure in terms of input factors buffer size, maximum threshold, and the number of FTP sources. Finally, we show the contour plots for variation of performance measure throughput (steady state) from minimum to maximum values with respect to the different setting of input parameters.