Belief rule-based methodology for mapping consumer preferences and setting product targets

Rapid and accurate identification of consumer demands and systematic assessment of product quality are essential to success for new product development, in particular for fast moving consumer goods such as food and drink products. This paper reports an investigation into a belief rule-based (BRB) methodology for quality assessment, target setting and consumer preference prediction in retro-fit design of food and drink products. The BRB methodology can be used to represent the relationships between consumer preferences and product attributes, which are complicated and nonlinear. A BRB system can initially be established using expert knowledge and then optimally trained and validated using data generated from consumer or expert panel assessments or from tests and experiments. The established BRBs can then be used to predict the consumer acceptance of new products or set product target values in retro-fit design. The proposed BRB methodology is applied to the design of a lemonade drink product using real data provided by a sensory product manufacturer in the UK. The results show that the BRB methodology can be used to predict consumer preferences with high accuracy and to set optimal target values for product quality improvement.     

基于Jaccard距离与概念聚类的多模型估计

Multi-RANSAC、RHT等方法难以有效实现多模型估计。为此,提出一种基于模型聚类的多模型估计方法。将数据点描述为所属模型的倾向集,把倾向集间的Jaccard距离描述为数据点的一种属性,基于该属性使用改进的Cobweb算法进行聚类。该方法无需预知模型数目和参数变换,可有效克服漏检、交叉模型误检等情况。实验结果表明,该方法具有高效、高精度等优点,适用于消隐点检测、相机自标定等领域。     

基于改进的BOCR和FANP模型的ERP系统选择方法*

ERP系统能够明显影响企业未来的竞争力和企业绩效。ERP系统的选择是一个典型的多因素决策问题。基于BOCR理论建立了ERP系统选择的评价指标体系,考虑了准则/指标之间的相互影响和反馈关系。由于评价过程中信息的不精确和模糊性,用三角模糊数表示专家或决策者的偏好意见,根据模糊优先规划方法计算三角模糊判断矩阵的局部权重。依据准则/指标之间的网络结构关系建立了未加权超矩阵,计算了收敛后的极限超矩阵,以得出各指标的综合权重。最后以案例说明如何应用提出的方法。     

Genetic Correlational Analyses of Ethanol Reward and Aversion Phenotypes in Short-Term Selected Mouse Lines Bred for Ethanol Drinking or Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Taste Aversion.

Short-term selective breeding created mouse lines divergent for ethanol drinking (high drinking short-term selected line [STDRHI], low drinking [STDRLO]) or ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA; high [HTA], low [LTA]). Compared with STDRLO, STDRHI mice consumed more saccharin and less quinine, exhibited greater ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and showed reduced ethanol stimulation and sensitization under some conditions; a line difference in ethanol-induced CTA was not consistently found. Compared with LTA, HTA mice consumed less ethanol but were similar in saccharin consumption, sensitivity to ethanol-induced CPP, and ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and sensitization. These data suggest that ethanol drinking is genetically associated with several reward-and aversion-related traits. The interpretation of ethanol-induced CTA as more genetically distinct must be tempered by the inability to test the CTA lines beyond Selection Generation 2. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reinforcer devaluation in palatability-based learned flavor preferences.

Rats exposed to simultaneous compounds of 1 neutral flavor with dilute (2%) sucrose and a 2nd flavor with dilute (2%) maltodextrin subsequently consumed both flavors in preference to a 3rd flavor that was never paired with a palatable taste. Brief training exposure under ad lib food and water minimized the postingestive effects of nutrients, emphasizing the contribution of palatability to these preferences. Devaluation of sucrose or maltodextrin by pairing with illness (Experiment 1) or sensory-specific satiety (Experiment 2) selectively reduced the preference for the flavor previously paired with the devalued reinforcer. Such reinforcer-specific devaluation effects suggest that palatability-based learned flavor preferences are underpinned by a Pavlovian process whereby the cue flavor is associated with the taste of the concurrently consumed palatable reinforcer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

产品技术经济综合评价原型系统

在层次分析法的基础上，提出了一种将TOPSIS法和AHP法进行融合的综合评价方法．此方法可对产品进行全面的技术经济综合评价，为企业进行决策提供依据，使产品研制建立在一个更加客观的量化分析基础之上．结果表明，这种方法科学合理、简明方便，能够处理多层复杂问题，为产品技术经济综合评价提供了思路，具有普遍意义，能推广应用于其他领域的评估．     

Amygdala Inactivation Blocks Expression of Conditioned Memory Modulation and the Promotion of Avoidance and Freezing.

Rats were exposed to shock-paired cues immediately after training on an appetitive preference task. Elevated levels of freezing in and active avoidance of the shock-paired compartment were observed, and memory for the appetitive task was improved when tested 24 hr later. Intra-amygdala muscimol injected before the posttraining exposure eliminated freezing, avoidance, and memory modulation. The blockade of both freezing and active avoidance, which involve competing behavioral tendencies, makes it unlikely that the amygdala itself generates either behavior. The elimination of conditioned memory modulation suggests that conditioned neurohormonal responses were blocked. These conditioned internal responses may comprise the intervening variable of "conditioned fear" and may promote observable behaviors, the form of which is determined by the environment in which they occur. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Corticosterone Influences on Mammalian Neonatal Sensitive-Period Learning.

Infant rats exhibit sensitive-period odor learning characterized by olfactory bulb neural changes and odor preference acquisitions critical for survival. This sensitive period is coincident with low endogenous corticosterone (CORT) levels and stress hyporesponsivity. The authors hypothesized that low corticosterone levels modulate sensitive-period learning. They assessed the effects of manipulating CORT levels by increasing and removing CORT during (Postnatal Day 8) and after (Postnatal Day 12) the sensitive period. Results show that (a) exogenous CORT prematurely ends sensitive-period odor-shock-induced preferences; (b) adrenalectomy developmentally extends the sensitive period as indicated by odor-shock-induced odor-preference learning in older pups, whereas CORT replacement can reinstate fear learning; and (c) CORT manipulation modulates olfactory bulb correlates of sensitive-period odor learning in a manner consistent with behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型的岩爆预测方法

为了准确预测地下金属矿的岩爆情况,建立了AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型。运用AHP和熵权法的基本原理,从岩性条件、应力条件和围岩条件3个方面选取预测指标,最终确定的指标为岩石的单轴抗压强度〖σ〗_c、压拉比〖σ〗_c/σ_t、弹性变形指数〖W〗_et、切应力与单轴抗压强度的比值〖σ〗_θ/σ_c和完整性系数〖K〗_v,分别为各预测指标分配合理的权重。然后,运用TOPSIS的基本原理,结合AHP和熵权法得到的权重来计算各岩爆等级临界值和实际矿山数据的贴近度,通过对比这2个贴近度来预测岩爆是否发生。实例研究表明：所建模型得到的预测结果与工程实际情况相一致,因此认为AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型可用于准确预测地下矿山的岩爆问题。     

公司税收理财探析

现代企业制度治理下原有的会计理财观念和手段在当今社会里已显得十分落后,为了更大地实现企业利益最大化,税收理财就显得尤为重要。采用税收理财,设置税务经理,在遵守国家税收法规和国际税法的前提下,采取适当公允的理财手段,通过合理节税,合法避税,实现企业价值最大化。