Lithium-based draw solute for forward osmosis to treat wastewater discharged from lithium-ion battery manufacturing

As draw solute is the core element of forward osmosis (FO) technology, here Li-Bet-Tf₂N synthesized from a customized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf₂N]) and Li₂CO₃ recovered from lithium-ion battery (LIB) wastes is proposed as a novel draw solute to treat Li⁺-containing wastewater from LIB manufacturing through FO filtration. Having high dissociation ability and an extended structure, Li-Bet-Tf₂N generates a sufficiently high osmotic pressure to drive the FO filtration efficiently along with insignificant reverse solute diffusion. Li-Bet-Tf₂N produces a water flux of 21.3 L·(m²·h)⁻¹ at 1.0 mol∙L^–1 against deionized water, surpassing conventional NaCl and MgCl₂ draw solutes with a higher water recovery efficiency and a smaller solute loss. Li-Bet-Tf₂N induces a more stable and higher water permeation flux with a 10.0% water flux decline than NaCl and MgCl₂ for which the water fluxes decline 16.7% and 16.4%, respectively, during the treatment of 2000 mg∙L^–1 Li⁺-containing wastewater for 12 h. More remarkably, unlike other draw solutes which require intensive energy input and complicated processes in recycling, Li-Bet-Tf₂N is easily separated from water via solvent extraction. Reproducible results are achieved with the recycled Li-Bet-Tf₂N. Li-Bet-Tf₂N thus demonstrates a novel class of draw solute with great potentials to treat wastewater economically.     

钙离子对正渗透中海藻酸钠溶液污染特性的影响

研究钙离子对海藻酸钠溶液在正渗透过程中过滤行为的影响及其潜在机理.结果 发现,过滤含有低浓度Ca2+(1 mmol/L)的海藻酸钠溶液导致最大的水通量下降.增大Ca2+浓度(5、10、15 mmol/L)使得水通量下降减小.Ca2+浓度对海藻酸钠污染层的官能团组成没有显著影响,但污染层的微观结构受到Ca2+浓度的显著影...     

Novel carboxyethyl amine sodium salts as draw solutes with superior forward osmosis performance

A series of carboxyethyl amine sodium salts (CASSs) with different carboxyl group numbers are synthesized as draw solutes for forward osmosis (FO) application. Their chemical structures are examined by ¹HNMR and HRMS. FO performances are investigated and compared in terms of different physicochemical properties. The effects of the CASS concentration on the osmotic pressure and viscosity of the draw solutions, as well as the resulted FO performance are also systematically investigated. A high water flux of 23.07 LMH and an acceptable reverse salt flux of 0.75 gMH can be achieved with 0.5 g mL^?1 triethylenetetramine hexapropionic acid sodium (TTHP‐Na) draw solution under PRO mode, which is superior to most other draw solutes reported in previous literatures. TTHP‐Na draw solution is further evaluated to recycle the Congo red solution via FO process to examine its applicability for waste water treatment. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1226–1235, 2016     

大型磷铵装置造粒机电气系统的改造

阐述磷铵装置造粒机6kV绕线式异步电动机串频敏变阻器启动原理及运行中存在的问题。由于造粒机除去氨分布器上的结块需要其能正、反转,介绍电机定子部分正、反转的改造,转子部分无刷频感启动器的改造情况。改造后无刷频感启动器运行稳定,电动机转子部分没有发生电气故障;通过造粒机反转,粘结在氨架上的物料很快清除,从而使各种消耗降低,产量提高,经济效益显著。     

中医药传承创新健康服务体系的战略研究

本文在文献数据分析、专家访谈和多地现场调研的基础上,从病前、病中、病后三个阶段剖析了中医药健康服务发展的优势、现状及存在的问题,为建立适合中医药振兴发展的政策保障体系,推进中医药健康保障工作"关口前移",完善中医药健康服务的标准及管理体系,拓宽中医药服务领域,创新服务模式,推进中医药健康服务产业发展;以及推进中医药在海外发展,弘扬中华优秀传统文化等方面提出政策建议。     

THz wavefront manipulation based on metal waveguides

In this paper, two waveguiding structures for arbitrary wavefront manipulation in the terahertz spectral region were proposed, designed and characterized. The first structure consists of parallel stack copper plates forming an array of parallel-plate waveguides (PPWGs). The second structure is three-dimensional metal rectangular waveguides array. The phase delay of the input wave after passing through the waveguide array is mainly determined by the effective index of the waveguides. Therefore, the waveguide array can be engineered using different core width distribution to generate any desired light beam. Examples, working at the frequency of 0.3 THz show that good focusing phenomenon with different focus lengths and spot sizes were observed, as well as arbitrarily tilted propagation of incident plane waves. The structure introduces a new method to perform wavefront manipulation, and can be utilized in many important applications in terahertz imaging and communication systems.     

基于双正交复序列的高效扩频调制方法

提出了一种采用双正交复序列的高效扩频调制与解调方法（DoCS）。输入数据比特流被分割为长度为M的组,每组的M比特作为输入码字,从2M-2个长度为L的DoCS序列中选择一条序列进行发送,被选中的序列以QPSK方式调制在载波上,实现扩频通信。文中还提出了一种前向相位校正(FPC)方法来解决该系统中收发两端的载波同步问题。     

柔性复合材料前掠翼飞机静气动弹性分析

本文作者计算分析的是柔性复合材料前掠翼概念机的静气动弹性特性。文中作者利用NASTRAN计算了单独机翼的发散速度,并重点计算和分析了该机在亚音速情况下,飞行载荷和纵向静稳定性、操纵性导数分别随马赫数和动压变化的曲线。通过对比分析可以看出:(1)相同高度下,随着马赫数的增加,刚体纵向静稳定性、操纵性导数和弹性纵向静稳定性、操纵性导数分别呈不同的变化趋势,且某些变化相差甚大;机翼剪力、弯矩和扭矩随翼展变化的曲线中,刚体部分所占的比例不断减小,弹性部分所占的比例不断增加;机翼的最大垂直挠度(在翼尖前缘处)和最大扭角(在翼尖处)略有增加。(2)相同马赫数下,随着动压的不断增加,刚体纵向静稳定性、操纵性导数保持不变,弹性纵向静稳定性、操纵性导数呈线性变化;机翼剪力、弯矩和扭矩随翼展变化的曲线中,也同样是刚体部分所占的比例不断减小,弹性部分所占的比例不断增加;机翼的最大垂直挠度(在翼尖前缘处)和最大扭角(在翼尖处)略有增加。(3)使用复合材料剪裁技术可以适当减小机翼内洗,从而提高发散速度,减小机翼前缘垂直挠度和飞行载荷中弹性部分的比例。     

相位移加有限差分法波动方程正演模拟

本文提出用相位移加有限差分法来实现速度纵横向变化，复杂陡倾地质模型的正演模拟，为复杂波场的地震，地质解释提供了精确、实和的方法。     

复杂形体重力异常高阶导数的正演计算

本文利用截面为任意边数的二度多边形来逼近不规则形状的地质体，并运用差商原理正演其水平，垂直导数，特别是高阶导数。理论计算和实测资料的计算结果表明，该方法具有较高的精度。将截面为水平圆柱体的垂向四次导数理论正演值与用边数为１００的多边形逼近的差商法计算结果对比，其相对误差仅为０．２％，利用此法计算了高阳地区重力布格异常的四次导数，显示出４个局部小异常，与地震剖面上的４个潜山位置相对应。