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91.
Morton Litt 《Polymer International》1993,30(2):213-216
We have analyzed the electrical conductivity of a linear high charge density polyelectrolyte aqueous solution, finding that the counterion association order follows the same pattern as that described for a cyclic monomeric polyelectrolyte, i.e. NO > Br? > Cl? > F?. However, these counterions interact in a very different manner with this polyion, making Eisenberg's relationship inapplicable in this system. Consequently, an alternative method is proposed for treating data. 相似文献
92.
93.
《国际计算机数学杂志》2012,89(8):1473-1482
Efficient and robust Variable Relaxation Solver, based on pseudo-transient continuation, is developed to solve nonlinear anisotropic thermal conduction arising from fusion plasma simulations. By adding first- and/or second-order artificial time derivatives to the system, this type of method advances the resulting time-dependent nonlinear PDEs to steady state, which is the solution to be sought. In this process, only the stiffness matrix itself is involved so that the numerical complexity and errors can be greatly reduced. In fact, this work is an extension of integrating efficient linear elliptic solvers for fusion simulation on Cray X1E. Two schemes are derived in this work, first- and second-order variable relaxations. Four factors are observed to be critical for efficiency and preservation of solution's symmetric structure arising from periodic boundary condition: refining meshes in different coordinate directions, initializing nonlinear process, varying time steps in both temporal and spatial directions, and accurately generating nonlinear stiffness matrix. First finer mesh scale should be taken in strong transport direction; next the system is carefully initialized by the solution with linear conductivity; third, time step and relaxation factor are vertex-based varied and optimized at each time step; finally, the nonlinear stiffness matrix is updated by just scaling corresponding linear one with the vector generated from nonlinear thermal conductivity. 相似文献
94.
95.
96.
作为一种新兴的可控/活性聚合方法,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)兼具了自由基聚合与可控/活性聚合的优点。水作为一种环境友好性的溶剂,使其作为ATRP的反应介质有着强烈的吸引力。文中从均相水溶液体系以及悬浮、乳液、微乳液等非均相水溶液体系,分别介绍了近年来水介质中ATRP的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
97.
介绍了电氧化技术原理,该技术应用于显像管生产和纽扣生产高浓度有机化工废水的前级处理时,可使CODCr去除40%~60%、BOD5/CODCr在处理前不足10%提高到20%以上,停留时间1~2h,使后续的兼氧—接触氧化生化处理达到预期效果,最终出水CODCr可控制在80mg/L以下,色度在10°以下,可以回用。 相似文献
98.
D. P. Recio R. M. Natal Jorge L. M. S. Dinis 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2006,68(13):1329-1357
The meshless methods, namely the element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM), when they first appeared claimed that volumetric locking and hourglass were avoided. This was not the case and both phenomena occur in the EFGM. In the context of the finite element method (FEM) these phenomena were widely studied. In this work, forms of avoiding the locking phenomenon will be presented; a formulation based on the enhanced strain method will be introduced in the EFGM and the B‐bar method will be implemented under the scope of the EFGM. Secondly, to render this method more robust, a stabilization technique will be implemented avoiding hourglass. Several examples are solved to probe the efficiency of these techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
99.
A thermodynamic property model with new mixing rules using the Helmholtz free energy is presented for the binary mixture of
methane and hydrogen sulfide based on experimental Pρ Tx data, vapor–liquid equilibrium data, and critical-point properties. The binary mixture of methane and hydrogen sulfide shows
vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria and a divergence of the critical curve. The model represents the existing experimental data
accurately and describes the complicated behavior of the phase equilibria and the critical curve. The uncertainty in density
calculations is estimated to be 2%. The uncertainty in vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations is 0.02 mole fraction in the
liquid phase and 0.03 mole fraction in the vapor phase. The model also represents the critical points with an uncertainty
of 2% in temperature and 3% in pressure. Graphical and statistical comparisons between experimental data and the available
thermodynamic models are discussed 相似文献
100.