Selective lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis impair cognitive flexibility.

The authors tested the hypothesis that the cholinergic nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is involved in solving problems requiring cognitive flexibility. Rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the NBM were assessed for perseveration (i.e., cognitive inflexibility) in the serial reversal of an operant discrimination and during subsequent extinction testing. It was hypothesized that the NBM lesion and control groups would not differ in the acquisition of the initial, simple discrimination, because this task does not demand cognitive flexibility. In contrast, it was hypothesized that the NBM lesion group would show perseveration during serial reversal and extinction testing. Results generally supported these hypotheses, suggesting that the NBM plays an important role in mediating cognitive flexibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

改进型四波束Butler矩阵的幅度加权

在4×4Butler矩阵基础上,在保持波束数目和指向不变的情况下,通过增加4个功分器和4个180^。移相器,对矩阵进行改进。将天线阵列扩展为8单元线阵,并对改进后的矩阵进行近似切比雪夫分布幅度加权,仿真结果表明加权后副瓣电平明显改善,最后对半功率覆盖范围和波束交叉电平的影响进行分析。     

Frontal polymerization preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/activated carbon composite hydrogels for dye removal

A series of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (PAA)/activated carbon (AC) composite hydrogels were rapidly prepared via frontal polymerization (FP). It was found that an increase in the concentration of AC caused an increase in the front velocity (V_f) and the highest front temperature (T_max). It may be attributed to that AC particles could increase the liquid viscosity of reaction mixture and remain the reaction heat during FP. The Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that AC particles had entered the hydrogel network, and many spherical AC particles with an average diameter of 0.5–1 μm had been dispersed homogeneously in the PAA hydrogel matrix. The swelling behavior showed that the equilibrium swelling values of hydrogels increased when the concentration of AC particles increased. Adsorption studies showed that incorporation of AC particles into PAA hydrogel matrix could increase the sites of interaction between the hydrogels and crystal violet molecules and result in an increase of adsorption capacities of hydrogels toward dyes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Efficiency of 4,4′‐bis(N,N‐diethylamino) benzophenone for the polymerization of dimethacrylate resins in thick sections

The efficiency of 4,4′‐bis(N,N‐diethylamino)benzophenone (DEABP) for the polymerization of dimethacrylate monomers in thick sections ( 1 – 2 mm) was studied. DEABP (λ_max = 365 nm) represents a complete initiating system as it contains both ketone and amine functional groups. During irradiation, DEABP photobleaches at a fast rate causing deeper penetration of light through the underlying layers, but the photoinitiation efficiency (rate of polymerization per photon absorption rate) is relatively poor. As a result, irradiation of methacrylate monomers at 365 nm results in a slow average polymerization rate and a reduced monomer conversion for thick sections due to the light attenuation caused by the high absorptivity of DEABP and photolysis products. These results highlight the inherent interlinking of light attenuation and photobleaching rate in polymerization of thick sections. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

肺下叶结核64例临床X线特征及误诊研究

目的探讨研究肺下叶结核患者的临床X线特征及误诊因素。方法选择本院2005年9月至2010年11月间收治的64例肺下叶结核患者为研究对象,对其进行临床X线检查并归纳其特性。结果临床X线表现主要包括小叶肺炎样与流沙样征象,具体还有粟粒型、空洞型、结核球型等表现。文中共有12例患者被延误诊,平均延误时间为1.8个月,分别被误诊为支气管肺炎、肺脓疡、肺癌、大叶性肺炎。结论由于肺下叶结核为少发部位且临床表现缺乏特异性,同时X线的表现具有多样性和隐蔽性导致易被误诊。因此应注意消除肺下叶结核临床误诊减少延误的主要事项。     

前端聚合的研究进展

前端聚合因具有简易、节能、反应速度快和独特的产物形貌等优点而受到越来越广泛的关注。本论文将前端聚合按照聚合方法分为3类：热前端聚合,光前端聚合和等温前端聚合,讨论了前端聚合的组成,综述了前端聚合的应用,前端聚合在功能材料、有机无机纳米复合材料和工业生产上将会得到广泛的应用。     

天然气水合物注热水分解径向数学模型

在一半无限大区域水合物分解过程描述基础上,建立了Stefan移动边界径向拟稳定传热数学模型,利用Paterson指数积分函数求解了分解带和水合物带的温度精确解,结合Deaton方法和Clausius-Clapeyron分解热方程确定水合物分解前缘位置。对一给定物性参数的稳定水合物储层例子进行计算,得出了水合物径向分解规律:随着径向距离增加温度急剧下降到分解温度8.416℃,再降到储层温度5.33℃,分解前缘位置变化趋势变缓;随着时间增加温度从5.33℃缓慢上升到8.416℃后急剧上升,时间足够长接近注入热水温度100℃;随着时间增加径向半径增加趋势减缓,分解时间到150 d时80～100℃温度变化为27.3℃,100～150℃温度变化为49.3℃。     

Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes.     

Chatter and dynamic cutting force prediction in high-speed ball end milling

Machine tool chatter is a serious problem which deteriorates surface quality of machined parts and increases tool wear, noise, and even causes tool failure. In the present paper, machine tool chatter has been studied and a stability lobe diagram (SLD) has been developed for a two degrees of freedom system to identify stable and unstable zones using zeroth order approximation method. A dynamic cutting force model has been modeled in tangential and radial directions using regenerative uncut chip thickness. Uncut chip thickness has been modeled using trochoidal path traced by the cutting edge of the tool. Dynamic cutting force coefficients have been determined based on the average force method. Several experiments have been performed at different feed rates and axial depths of cut to determine the dynamic cutting force coefficients and have been used for predicting SLD. Several other experiments have been performed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed SLD. It is found that the proposed method is quite efficient in predicting the SLD. The cutting forces in stable and unstable cutting zone are in well agreement with the experimental cutting forces.