In memoriam: The idioverse of Saul Rosenzweig (1907-2004).

Saul Rosenzweig (1907-2004), who founded the "common factors" approach to psychotherapy integration, and who published original and influential work during each of eight consecutive decades, died of pneumonia in St. Louis on August 9, 2004, at the age of 97. His most influential academic contributions can be placed into five categories. First, his 1933 article, "The Experimental Situation as a Psychological Problem," helped usher in the field of experimental social psychology. A second field to which Rosenzweig made enormous contributions is that of psychotherapy integration. A third field to which Rosenzweig contributed significantly is experimental psychoanalysis. Fourth, Rosenzweig played a central role in developing frustration theory, including the concept of frustration tolerance. Fifth, Rosenzweig developed the idiodynamic approach to personality assessment in the late 1940s and elaborated on it until the end of his career. Rosenzweig had been a faculty member continuously since 1949 in the Department of Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Administration of corticosterone after the first downshift trial enhances consummatory successive negative contrast.

Rats given access to a 32% sucrose solution and then downshifted to a 4% solution exhibit less contact with the sipper tube than unshifted controls always given access to 4% solution. This phenomenon, called consummatory successive negative contrast, was facilitated in Experiment 1 by a posttrial injection of corticosterone (3 mg/kg) administered immediately after the first downshift trial. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this facilitatory effect of posttrial corticosterone does not occur when administered 3 hr after the first downshift trial. These results support the hypothesis that corticosterone strengthens an aversive emotional component elicited by the surprising downshift in reward magnitude during the initial downshift trial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Study of YBaCo4O7 + δ thin films grown by sputtering technique on (1012)-oriented sapphire substrates

We report the growth of thin films of the cobaltite YBaCo₄O_7 + δ by means of the dc magnetron sputtering technique at high oxygen pressure onto r (1012) sapphire substrates. The films were characterized according to their structural, morphological, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. An analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the films grown on r-sapphire substrates are single phase polycrystalline. Despite the high growth temperature (850 °C), no indication of interface reaction (formation of BaAlO₄ or Y₂O₃) is detected. Measurements of resistivity as a function of temperature reveal a semiconductor-like character of the grown films. No indication of possible transitions is observed in the temperature range 50-300 K. The electronic transport mechanism seems to be dominated by Mott variable range hopping (VRH) conduction. Fitting the VRH model to the experimental data allows one to estimate the density of states of the material at the Fermi level N(E_F). The resistivity measured in magnetic fields as strong as 5 T increases notably, and positive magnetoresistance values as high as ~ 60% at 100 K are obtained. Magnetization measurements show well defined hysteresis loops at 300 K and 5 K. Nevertheless, calculated values of the magnetization have ended up being too small for the ferro- or ferrimagnetic states. Raman spectra, in turn, allow one to identify bands associated with vibrating modes of CoO₄ and YO₆ in tetrahedral and octahedral configurations, respectively. Additional bands which seem to stem from Co ions in octahedral configuration are also clearly identified. Measurements of transmittance and reflectance show two well defined energy gaps at 3.7 and 2.2 eV.     

大学生就业挫折归因及应对特征研究

在对482名本科毕业生就业挫折归因及就业挫折应对方式进行问卷调查和访谈的基础上,深入分析大学生就业挫折归因及应对特征,并从提高教育质量,做好增强大学生就业素质工作;提升学生挫折承受力,做好部分学生就业挫折的教育辅导工作;积极关注女大学生,做好女大学生的就业挫折教育工作;规范进人机制,消除就业中"关系现象"产生的不良影响四个方面提出对策和建议.     

Conformational Heterogeneity and Frustration of the Tumor Suppressor p53 as Tuned by Punctual Mutations

The conformational heterogeneity of the p53 tumor suppressor, the wild-type (p53wt) and mutated forms, was investigated by a computational approach, including the modeling and all atoms of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Four different punctual mutations (p53R175H, p53R248Q, p53R273H, and p53R282W) which are known to affect the DNA binding and belong to the most frequent hot-spot mutations in human cancers, were taken into consideration. The MD trajectories of the wild-type and mutated p53 forms were analyzed by essential dynamics to extract the relevant collective motions and by the frustration method to evaluate the degeneracy of the energy landscape. We found that p53 is characterized by wide collective motions and its energy landscape exhibits a rather high frustration level, especially in the regions involved in the binding to physiological ligands. Punctual mutations give rise to a modulation of both the collective motions and the frustration of p53, with different effects depending on the mutation. The regions of p53wt and of the mutated forms characterized by a high frustration level are also largely involved in the collective motions. Such a correlation is discussed also in connection with the intrinsic disordered character of p53 and with its central functional role.     

Effects of physiological arousal level, frustration, and task complexity on performance.

This paper investigates the effects of initial heart-rate level, frustration, and task complexity on digit-symbol performance. Low (LD) and high (HD) heart-rate Ss worked on a digit-symbol problem immediately before and after a frustration manipulation which raised heart rate about 20 beats/min. The results indicated that HD Ss achieved higher initial performance scores than LD Ss on tasks of relatively low complexity; however, following frustration LD Ss manifested a significantly greater increment in performance than HD Ss. The latter group showed a trend toward a decrement in performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social norms, arbitrariness of frustration, and status of the agent of frustration in the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Some of the conditions under which frustration will produce aggression are further specified. Pastore's work with the role of arbitrariness in the frustration-aggression hypothesis is considered, in addition to two other variables, the effect of social norms, and the social position of the agent of frustration. Based on a sample of 60 college women, less aggression appears when (1) the instructions are designed to stress ideal behavior, (2) the situation is non-arbitrary, (3) the agent of frustration is an authority figure rather than a peer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frustration, aggression, and murder.

"… 51 male murderers and their 51 nearest-age brothers were investigated with respect to frustration in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… . The central hypothesis was: There is a significant positive relationship between the amount of frustration experienced by persons in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… and whether or not they later commit murder… . [The results showed that] significantly more murderers than control brothers scored high on the Indices of Physical, Psychological, and General Frustration." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of three types of aggression on vascular processes.

"Eighty college-age-subjects underwent either a frustrating or nonfrustrating experience and subsequently were placed in one of four aggression-conditions: Physical, Verbal, Fantasy, or No Aggression. The intent of this 2 X 4 factorial design experiment was to measure the effects of each type of aggression on frustration-produced-elevations in systolic blood pressure and heart rate. The results indicated that frustrated subjects who were given an opportunity to physically or verbally aggress against the frustrator, manifested returns on both physiological measures to the levels of the Low Frustration control subjects. Frustrated subjects in the Fantasy and No Aggression conditions exhibited significantly elevated systolic pressures and heart rates at the post-aggression-recording of these measures." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

岸基雷达模拟器的设计与实现

针对岸基雷达工作的海面环境和目标特点,在雷达模拟器中设置了目标的雷达截面积（RCS）起伏、检测概率计算及海杂波模型。对于海面舰船目标而言,其RCS通常受舰船的姿态、方位角等状态影响较大,在此通过计算舰船相对于雷达站的方位实现目标的RCS起伏。再根据目标的RCS利用Albersheim公式即可获得目标的检测概率。另外,雷达的工作状态不同,检测到的海杂波分布模型亦不同。这里介绍了2种最常用的海杂波分布模型,分别是Rayleigh分布和对数正态分布。改进后的雷达模拟器能够更加真实准确地模拟岸基雷达的实际工作环境。