焦化汽油催化裂解反应特性探析

分析了典型焦化汽油烃类组成特点,重点研究焦化汽油催化裂解反应过程中反应转化率以及低碳烯烃的产率和选择性的主要影响因素。结果表明,催化裂解反应条件下焦化汽油转化率较低,提高反应温度是提高低碳烯烃产率的有效手段,但是目标产物的选择性变化不大;采用高选择性的催化剂可以在提高乙烯和丙烯产率的同时提高其选择性,并达到少产丁烯的目的。焦化汽油的正构烷烃转化程度低,尤其是C5～C7正构烷烃转化程度不足60％,是因其分子碳链短,所形成的正碳离子的β断裂反应不易发生所致。     

催化汽油加氢脱硫装置反应系统压降上升原因分析及对策

自2010年12月31日开工以来,1.8×10~6 t/a催化汽油加氢脱硫装置在运行的两个周期内均发生了装置选择性加氢单元反应系统压降上升较快的情况,对炼厂生产平衡影响较大。通过分析找到了导致选择性加氢单元反应系统压降升高的原因,实施了催化装置汽油直接供料、增设原料预过滤器、返罐区原料进催化装置回炼等多项改进对策,有效控制了压降上升的情况,效果显著。     

煤炭间接液化汽油组分与甲醇制丙烯副产类汽油调合研究

煤炭间接液化装置加氢裂化石脑油和甲醇制丙烯装置类汽油产品均是调合高质量汽油的良好组分,调合出的煤基汽油在添加50 ?L/L抗氧剂后完全可以满足车用汽油GB／T17930—2016标准的要求,该类汽油具有硫、氮、铁、锰等含量低的特点,是清洁型、环境友好型汽油。     

基于严格约束的汽油调合双调合头协调优化方法

针对即将推行的国Ⅵ车用汽油标准被控属性更多、更严、调合效率要求更高等特点,开发了一种可同时调合多种牌号汽油的双调合头调合工艺和协调优化算法。建立了汽油辛烷值、蒸气压、密度、馏程和含量属性等软测量模型,并对辛烷值模型计算过程和馏程模型进行了改进,实现调合过程中对汽油12个质量指标的精准测控。考虑实际累积调合过程,将双调合头调合工艺过程中储罐汽油属性合格转化成调合头属性区间合格,利用调合头处优化的属性补偿已调合体积和罐底油的属性偏差。同时,应用一种合理高效的协调优化算法协调公用组分油的上限,解决了双调合头调合工艺中争抢公用组分油流量的问题。仿真结果表明,设计的双调合头累积调合优化技术能很好地满足双调合头汽油调合需求,为面向国Ⅵ标准下汽油调合工艺升级提供技术支持。     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

催化汽油加氢脱硫装置分离塔的优化调整分析

催化汽油加氢装置进行国Ⅴ改造后,选择性加氢单元分离塔存在分割精度不高、回流比低、控制回路自控率低和轻汽油在线硫分析仪控制滞后等问题。通过分析原因,提出了变更轻汽油在线硫组态控制、重新整定控制回路PID参数和优化分离塔工艺参数等措施。上述措施实施后,分离塔塔底油10%馏出温度与轻汽油90%馏出温度的温度差提高到40℃以上,分离塔分割精度提高,轻汽油抽出比例提高了3百分点,终馏点为65～67℃,满足醚化装置要求,分离塔塔顶压力从0.89 MPa降至0.81 MPa。在处理量相同的情况下,分离塔重沸炉出口温度降低8～10℃,重沸炉燃料气用量降低190 m^3/h,经济效益显著。     

Coker gasoline as a hydrogen donor for FCC

To convert Light cycle oil (LCO) with low hydrogen content into more light fraction such as low-carbon olefins and gasoline during the catalytic cracking reaction, it is necessary to replenish hydrogen in LCO. In this paper, the effects of hydrogenation and hydrogen donors on the catalytic cracking performance of LCO were investigated. The pilot test results show that coker gasoline as a hydrogen donor can inhibit the free radical reaction and reduce the dry gas yield as well as inhibit condensation reaction and reduce coke yield. For refineries that need to purchase hydrogen from abroad, coker gasoline can be used as a hydrogen donor for LCO, which is an ideal method for hydrogen supplementation. At the same time, in the case of sufficient hydrogen source for the refineries, hydrogenation of LCO is a better means of hydrogen replenishment.     

半再生催化重整催化剂SR-1000的首次工业应用

中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的催化剂SR-1000在中国石化青岛石油化工有限责任公司250 kt/a半再生催化重整装置上进行了首次工业应用。结果表明，催化剂SR-1000用于生产高辛烷值汽油调合组分或芳烃，具有良好的活性、选择性和稳定性，再生性能优异。长时间运转后催化剂仍具有很好的提温敏感性。催化剂的积炭速率慢，可以满足重整装置在高苛刻度下长周期稳定运转的需要。     

无铅航空汽油芳胺类添加剂的功效研究

以航空汽油(马达法辛烷值(MON)为93.7)为基础油,加入芳胺类抗爆剂调配出95号和100号无铅航空汽油。采用环块实验测量发动机40Cr金属材料的磨痕长度,评价航空汽油对发动机排气阀阀座等金属材料抗磨性的影响,并测量经汽油浸泡后橡胶试样所发生的外观、质量变化以考察油品对燃油管路中密封所用橡胶部件溶胀作用的程度。依上述实验结果,分析辛烷值相近的无铅芳胺汽油与加铅汽油在抗磨性、溶胀性上的差异。结果表明,加芳胺无铅航空汽油的抗磨性、溶胀性均较辛烷值相近的加铅汽油差,而在加芳胺类抗爆剂的无铅航空汽油中添加抗氧剂可抑制其对橡胶制品的溶胀作用,减弱发动机中相应部件受到溶胀作用的影响。