Sputtered Zn(O,S) buffer layers for CIGS solar modules—from lab to pilot production

Sputtering of Zn(O,S) from ZnO/ZnS compound targets has been proven to be a promising buffer layer process for Cd‐free CIGS modules due to easy in‐line integration, low cost and high efficiency on lab scale. In this publication, we report on successful upscaling of the lab process to pilot production. A record aperture efficiency of 13.2% has been reached on a 50 × 120 cm² sized module. Neither a non‐doped ZnO layer nor additional annealing steps are required. Moreover, this very reproducible process yields a standard deviation comparable with that of the CdS base line. In contrast to lab experiments, strong performance gain after light soaking has been observed. The light‐soak‐induced power increase depends on the preparation of the window layer. Accelerated aging tests show high stability of module power. This is confirmed by outdoor testing for 20 months. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improvement in open circuit voltage of n‐ZnO/p‐Si solar cell by using amorphous‐ZnO at the interface

Several research groups are currently working on n‐ZnO/p‐Si heterojunction solar cell, and recently, Pietruszka et al [Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells 147 (2016) 164‐170] has reported the highest efficiency of 7.1% for this structure. The main challenge is to enhance the open circuit voltage up to theoretically predicted value of >0.6 V. This paper reports >20% improvement in open circuit voltage of n‐ZnO/p‐Si solar cell by depositing amorphous‐ZnO at the interface at room temperature that possibly improves the passivation and/or avoids oxide formation at the interface during ZnO deposition. Two other materials, aluminum nitride and amorphous‐Si, have also been used as buffer layers to evaluate their effect on suppression of interface states. Furthermore, additional advantage of ZnO as an antireflector has been experimentally verified for different thicknesses of ZnO film.     

基于硬盘保护卡技术的分析与研究

硬盘是计算机重要的外存储器,系统软件、应用软件的安装必须在硬盘上进行,用户完成的数据处理也可存放在硬盘上,如果硬盘保护不当,造成的损失基本上是无法弥补的。因此,对硬盘的保护就显得尤为重要,从硬盘保护卡的原理、功能、优缺点、应用等方面进行综合分析,对比研究发现,具有变量拷贝功能的保护卡和多功能的保护卡都能更好地保护硬盘和硬盘数据,能够更加有效地将机房管理人员从繁重的重复劳动中解脱出来。     

Chitosan-gated low-voltage transparent indium-free aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin-film transistors

Low-voltage transparent indium-free aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are demonstrated by using chitosan polymer electrolyte as the gate dielectric. Chitosan with a large specific capacitance (0.4 μF/cm²) is obtained possibly due to the strong electric-double-layer (EDL) effect through the mobile-proton hopping mechanism. Herein, low-cost indium-free AZO film is developed for replacing the traditional ITO/IZO electrodes. A simple method is developed to fabricate all of the channel and source/drain electrodes during one-step sputter process by using such a low-cost indium-free AZO film. The optimized TFTs with 30 nm AZO thickness shows the best performance with a low operation voltage of 1.5 V, a large on-off ratio of 10⁵, and a field-effect mobility of 8.3 cm²/Vs, respectively. The chitosan-gated AZO TFTs may provide a good candidate for the applications of next-generation transparent flexible low-cost portable electronics.     

Attribute Allocation and Retrieval Scheme for Large-Scale Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology that enables remote monitoring of large geographical regions. In this paper, we address the problem of distributing attributes over such a large-scale sensor network so that the cost of data retrieval is minimized. The proposed scheme is a data-centric storage scheme where the attributes are distributed over the network depending on the correlations between them. The problem addressed here is similar to the Allocation Problem of distributed databases. In this paper, we have defined the Allocation Problem in the context of sensor networks and have proposed a scheme for finding a good distribution of attributes to the sensor network. We also propose an architecture for query processing given such a distribution of attributes. We analytically determine the conditions under which the proposed architecture is beneficial and present simulation results to demonstrate the same. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to determine an allocation of attributes over a sensor network based on the correlations between attributes.     

微机硬盘常见故障的分析及处理

对微机硬盘常见故障进行了初步分析,包括：硬件电路故障、硬盘读、写故障、硬盘格式化等方面的故障。对上述问题提出了相应的应急维修、恢复办法。     

爆炸冲击过载对随进子弹影响的仿真与分析

采用非线性动力分析软件Autodyn对装有随进子弹攻坚战斗部的飞行及爆炸过程进行了仿真计算,模拟了攻坚战斗部从着靶爆炸到子弹随进的初期过程,并着重对战斗部爆炸后产生的过载对随进子弹的飞行速度、飞行姿态、结构强度等状态的影响进行了仿真计算。得到了关于随进子弹在受过载作用前后的状态数据,并将仿真结果与某型号研制试验结果进行了比对分析。     

基于OPNET的UMTS切换技术的建模与仿真

切换技术是通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System,UMTS)的主要关键技术之一,用于保证用户在移动通信网络中的移动性。对目前主要使用的2种切换技术———软切换和硬切换进行了简要介绍,而软切换是码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access,CDMA)系统所特有的。利用OPNET仿真软件搭建了UMTS网络切换模型,对软切换及硬切换技术进行仿真,并对结果进行了比较分析,得出结论,切换技术的优劣会直接影响到系统提供的服务质量。     

A Supermolecular Photosensitizer with Excellent Anticancer Performance in Photodynamic Therapy

A supermolecular photosensitizer with excellent anticancer behavior when used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is fabricated by the incorporation of zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc) into the gallery of a layered double hydroxide (LDH). The composite material possesses uniform particle size (hydrodynamic diameter ～120 nm), and the host–guest and guest–guest interactions result in a high dispersion of ZnPc in a monomeric state in the interlayer region of the LDH matrix, with high singlet oxygen production efficiency. In vitro tests performed with HepG2 cells reveal a satisfactory PDT effectiveness of the ZnPc(1.5%)/LDH composite photosensitizer: a cellular damage as high as 85.7% is achieved with a rather low dosage of ZnPc (10 μg/mL). An extraordinarily high specific efficacy is demonstrated (31.59 μg^?1 (J/cm²)^?1), which is over 185.5% enhancement compared with the previously reported photosensitizers under similar test conditions. Furthermore, an in vivo study of the ZnPc(1.5%)/LDH demonstrates excellent PDT performance with an ultra‐low dose (0.3 mg/kg) and a low optical fluence rate (54 J/cm²). In addition, the ZnPc/LDH photosensitizer displays high stability, good biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity, which would guarantee its practical application. Therefore, this work provides a facile approach for design and fabrication of inorganic–organic supermolecular materials with greatly enhanced anticancer behavior.     

基于前向多层神经网络的分组码译码器设计

把最大相关译码与神经网络神经元的内积特性及吸引域有机地联系起来,连接权决定译码码字,阈值设定决定神经元的纠错范围,从而形成一种可用于硬判决及软判决译码的神经译码器,并在理论上证明了此译码器可在ＤＭＣ信道的纠错能力范围内实现零错误概率硬判决译码,也可实现与最小欧几里德距离译码相当的软判决译码,并能在检错范围内检错。