基于光电脉搏波的心率检测系统的设计

脉搏是反映人体生理健康状况的重要生理现象,心率作为重要的人体健康参数,临床上与许多疾病有着密切的关系。人体手指末端含有丰富的小动脉和丰富的生理信息,结合在临床医学应用中发展很快的光电检测技术,提取出指尖脉搏波信息,然后通过一系列优化算法从指尖脉搏波信息中获得较为准确的心率值。     

关于农村居民点布局模式的思考——以长株潭绿心地区为例

农村居民点是农村村民生产和生活的场所,也是农村土地利用的重要组成部分。长期以来,我国农村居民点缺乏整体上的布局与调控。长株潭绿心地区由于其特殊的自然地形条件,土地资源有限,存在农村居民点数量多,规模小,分布零散等诸多问题,文章最后根据绿心地区实际情况,建议采用新村建设型、岛状居民点、线状居民点三大布局模式。     

Gamma-Aminobutyrate Transaminase Protects against Lipid Overload-Triggered Cardiac Injury in Mice

Lipid overload contributes to cardiac complications of diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study investigates the role of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (ABAT), the key enzyme involved in the catabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in lipid overload-induced cardiac injury. Microarray revealed a down-regulation of ABAT mRNA expression in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse hearts, which correlated with a reduction in ABAT protein level and its GABA catabolic activity. Transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific ABAT over-expression (Tg-ABAT/tTA) were generated to determine the role of ABAT in lipid overload-induced cardiac injury. Feeding with a HFD to control mice for 4 months reduced ATP production and the mitochondrial DNA copy number, and induced myocardial oxidative stress, hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Such pathological effects of HFD were mitigated by ABAT over-expression in Tg-ABAT/tTA mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, palmitate increased mitochondrial ROS production, depleted ATP production and promoted apoptosis, all of which were attenuated by ABAT over-expression. With the inhibition of ABAT’s GABA catabolic activity, the protective effects of ABAT remained unchanged in palmitate-induced cardiomyocytes. Thus, ABAT protects the mitochondrial function in defending the heart against lipid overload-induced injury through mechanisms independent of its GABA catabolic activity, and may represent a new therapeutic target for lipid overload-induced cardiac injury.     

Cannabidiol Downregulates Myocardial de Novo Ceramide Synthesis Pathway in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

It is known that metabolic disturbances, including obesity, predispose to an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated consumption of dietary fat results in intramyocardial accumulation of lipids and their biologically active derivatives, which can disrupt the contractile function of the heart, its metabolism, and intracellular signaling pathways. Therefore, alternative methods, such as phytocannabinoids, are being sought for the treatment of obesity-related effects. In a model of rodent obesity (seven weeks of high-fat-diet (HFD) regime), we used cannabidiol—CBD therapy (intraperitoneal injections for 14 days; 10 mg/kg). High-performance and gas-liquid chromatographies were applied in order to determine sphingolipids in the heart and plasma as well as Western blotting for protein expression. Two-week CBD administration significantly inhibited the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway in the heart of HFD fed rats by lowering sphinganine and sphinganine-1-phosphate contents. The above reductions were accompanied by markedly diminished expressions of myocardial serine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2 as well as ceramide synthase 5 and 6 in the HFD group with 2-week CBD treatment. To our knowledge, this research is the first that reveals unknown effects of CBD treatment on the heart, i.e., amelioration of de novo ceramide synthesis pathway in obese rats.     

基于情绪体验的ASD儿童干预机器人造型研究

目的 为提升ASD儿童干预机器人的训练效果,为教辅人员、设计师等提供参考,提出以ASD儿童情绪体验特点为基础的干预机器人拟人化造型特征评价方法。方法 对市场上的机器人造型样本进行拟人度评分,并从中选取代表性样本;从20余项HRV指标中筛选出8项代表性指标,通过HRV实验收集数据;使用改进的PAD情绪量表获取ASD儿童情绪体验主观得分;通过逐步回归法筛选出对情绪体验得分影响较大的HRV指标;以HRV指标为自变量、情绪体验得分为因变量,建立回归关系,为ASD儿童干预机器人造型的设计和方案评价提供理论依据。结果 研究表明,几何型机器人往往带来“放松的”情绪体验,类人型机器人会带来“高兴的”情绪体验,而真人型机器人则可能带来“焦虑的”情绪体验。同时,ASD儿童的愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度与HRV指标之间存在一定的相关性。结论 将改进的PAD情绪量表应用于ASD儿童干预机器人的造型评价中,建立情绪体验和HRV指标之间的回归模型,为设计和评估适合ASD儿童的机器人提供了理论依据,更好地促进了ASD儿童干预机器人的发展。     

哲学自何处来？

数学和哲学的繁荣是全民族繁荣中不可缺少的重要部分，因此有必要追问和思考：哲学来自何处？数学与哲学最大的共同点在于都来自人的心灵。心灵中之所以能产生如此美丽的东西，是因为追求美与追求真是联系在一起的。真知并非源自“感性物质活动”，虽然有一些知识与物质的关系很密切。但数学和哲学都来自精神、来自心灵。这就是亚里士多德主张“闲暇”的原因。     

Short communication: Changes in heart rate variability of dairy cows during conventional milking with nonvoluntary exit

Heart rate variability (HRV), as a physiological measure of animal welfare, was investigated in 36 cows milked in a parallel milking parlor with nonvoluntary exit. Heart rate variability parameters measured during the morning resting (baseline period) were compared with those measured during different stages of the entire milking process. No differences were found in HRV parameters between the baseline period, preparation, and main milking. A considerable reduction in vagal activity was detected during the movement of the cows to the milking parlor (driving) and while cows were in the holding area. The parasympathetic measures of HRV decreased whereas the sympatho-vagal balance increased compared with baseline. The same pattern was observed regarding the stage between removing the teat cups and leaving the milking parlor (waiting). No differences in any sympathetic measures were observed between the baseline period and any of the milking stages. These findings indicate that the milking process itself (preparation and main milking) is not stressful for cows. Decreased parasympathetic activity during driving might be the result of the physical activity of the cows, whereas waiting in the holding area and in the milking stall after milking caused stress for animals.     

老年冠心病患者踝臂血压指数与冠脉病变相关性研究

目的探讨老年冠心病患者踝臂血压指数与冠脉病变相关性研究。方法造影剂均选用威视派克,按照几支冠状动脉血管存在≥50%的狭窄,分为一支、二支和三支病变,比较冠心病患者的各项指标。结果 2组患者ABI有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 ABI和冠状动脉病变严重程度呈负相关,是预测冠状动脉硬化程度的一种简单可靠的指标。     

Melanocyte pigmentation stiffens murine cardiac tricuspid valve leaflet

Pigmentation of murine cardiac tricuspid valve leaflet is associated with melanocyte concentration, which affects its stiffness. Owing to its biological and viscoelastic nature, estimation of the in situ stiffness measurement becomes a challenging task. Therefore, quasi-static and nanodynamic mechanical analysis of the leaflets of the mouse tricuspid valve is performed in the current work. The mechanical properties along the leaflet vary with the degree of pigmentation. Pigmented regions of the valve leaflet that contain melanocytes displayed higher storage modulus (7–10 GPa) than non-pigmented areas (2.5–4 GPa). These results suggest that the presence of melanocytes affects the viscoelastic properties of the mouse atrioventricular valves and are important for their proper functioning in the organism.