Analysis of chill-cast NiAl intermetallic compound with copper additions

This study carried out a characterization of chill-cast NiAl alloys with copper additions, which were added to NiAl, such that the resulting alloy composition occurred in the β-field of the ternary NiAlCu phase diagram. The alloys were vacuum induction melted and casted in copper chill molds to produce ingots 0.002 m thick, 0.020 m wide, and 0.050 m long. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed in chill-cast ingots identified mainly the presence of the β-(Ni,Cu)Al phase. As-cast ingots showed essentially no ductility at room temperature except for the Ni₅₀Al₄₀Cu₁₀ alloy, which showed 1.79% of elongation at room temperature. Ingots with this alloy composition were then heat treated under a high-purity argon atmosphere at 550 °C (24 h) and cooled either in the furnace or in air, until room temperature was reached. β-(Ni,Cu)Al and γ′(Ni,Cu)₃Al were present in specimens cooled in the furnace and β-(Ni,Cu)Al, γ′(Ni,Cu)₃Al plus martensite-(Ni,Cu)Al were present in specimens cooled in air. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that martensite transformation was the result of a solid-state reaction with M _s ∼ 470 and M _f ∼ 430 °C. Tensile tests performed on bulk heat-treated ingots showed room-temperature ductility between 3 and 6%, depending on the cooling media.     

低频电磁水平半连续铸造中磁场的分布及其对宏观偏析的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了低频电磁水平半连续铸造7075铝合金中不同强度及频率的磁场在熔体中的分布,并采用试验的方法研究了不同条件的磁场对铸锭宏观偏析的影响.将使用传统水平半连续铸造生产出的铸锭与低频电磁水平半连续铸造生产的铸锭进行了比较.研究结果表明:在传统水平半连续铸造工艺条件下,铸锭中易出现较严重的负偏析及重力偏析;然而,在低频电磁水平半连续铸造过程中,低频电磁场的存在明显削弱了铸锭中的宏观偏析.此外,磁场在熔体中的分布情况将直接影响其作用效果,提高磁场强度及适当降低磁场频率均有利于对宏观偏析的改善.     

Optimization of casting conditions for heat and abrasion resistant large grey iron castings

Numerical simulation technology was applied for optimizing the casting design and conditions in large cast iron castings for marine engine. By the simulation of mold filling and solidification sequences the problems of the previous casting conditions were analyzed and marked improvements for large cylinder liner parts were derived from these results. Especially the amount and positions of chills were optimized to increase the mechanical properties and to minimize the shrinkage and microporosity in the castings. Ultrasonic testing, penetration testing and mechanical property testing were carried out for the parts with the modified casting conditions. It showed that no defects in the castings were found and the productivity could be distinctly increased. The mechanical properties satisfied also the specification demanded.     

Iron working at Zambana el Vato (TN), Italy

ABSTRACT

The workshop of Zambana el Vato (region Trentino, Northern Italy), is dated to the period between the 7th-6th and the 5th century BC. Iron working activities are clearly recognizable from the various finds. Among them there are working slag, heated clay, fragments of hearth or forge, hammerscale and more residues that can be referred to iron technology. A number of selected specimens were sectioned and mounted for photomicroscopy to identify the structure and some of the mounted samples were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using both a back scattered electron detector and energy dispersive (EDS) x-ray analysis. This paper presents the results of these studies. The hearths were regularly repaired, as their fragments were found mixed with working slag. The hammerscale samples indicate that there were three iron-working areas. The fragments of forge with traces of tuyeres indicate that bellows were employed. Refining slag was identified among the debris. This is particularly significant as for the moment no iron refining centers are known in this area.     

陶瓷辊道窑宽断面需解决的问题

分析了辊道窑的窑宽对产量、窑内气体流动阻力等的影响以及由于断面的增大而带来的温差问题 ,并提出了解决宽断面窑炉温差的办法     

控制适宜理论燃烧温度保证富氧喷煤高炉良好炉缸热状态

良好的炉缸热状态是高炉正常生产的标志．对比分析了通过控制适宜理论燃烧温度使富氧喷煤高炉保持良好热状态的可行性及其意义，并提出了一些具体措施，现场使用取得了良好效果．     

A review on nut coke utilisation in the ironmaking blast furnaces

In the ironmaking blast furnaces, nut coke (10–40 mm; 2–23?wt-%) is charged together with the ferrous burden. A systematic review is performed to understand the effects of nut coke use on the permeability, thermal reserve zone (TRZ), reduction kinetics and softening &; melting behaviour. State of the art techniques for enhancing reactivity and to lower TRZ temperature are discussed. To utilise nut coke effectively, need of correlational research is expressed on its behaviour with different burden chemistry, carbon ordering, ash content and distribution style. Challenges for higher nut coke utilisation like decrease in regular coke layer thickness and unconsumed fines in lower part of the furnace are pointed out. The scope of further research is marked via this review.

This review was submitted as part of the 2016 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged     

高性能MIM材料烧结炉的特征及设备主要组成

根据国际和国内MIM材料烧结工艺最新的要求和技术特点,对改进MIM材料烧结炉的结构和排胶方法进行了分析和比较,并对比了MIM烧结使用的真空式批次炉和气氛式连续炉设备性能优缺点,提出了满足市场化要求的技术方案。     

新型提渣装置在步进式加热炉上的开发应用

针对步进式加热炉炉底出渣较困难的情况,分析氧化铁皮渣产生的原因,开发了一种新型提渣装置,以解决炉底地坑内堆积炉渣的清理问题,实现了无需用天车即可将炉底氧化铁皮渣运至地面以上。通过以上工作,承钢成功研制了一种步进式加热炉炉底提渣专利装置。     

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2618 DC cast alloy

Direct chill (DC) cast ingot plates of AA2618 alloy have been increasingly used for large-mold applications in the plastics and automotive industries. The effects of different heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2618 DC cast alloy were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness and tensile testing. The as-cast microstructure contained a considerable amount of coarse intermetallic phases, including Al₂CuMg, Al₂Cu, Al₇Cu₄Ni, Al₇Cu₂(Fe,Ni) and Al₉FeNi, resulting in poor mechanical properties. Solution treatment at 530 °C for 5 h dissolved the first three phases into the solid solution and consequently improved the mechanical properties of the alloy. By utilizing the appropriate aging temperature and time, different combinations of strength and ductility could be obtained to fulfill the design requirements of large-mold applications. The strengthening of AA2618 DC cast alloy under the aging conditions studied was caused by GPB zones and S′ precipitates. The evolution of both precipitates in terms of their size and density was observed to have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy.