Initial stages of the high-temperature corrosion of commercial Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in a carburizing atmosphere of low oxygen partial pressure

The early stages of corrosion of AISI 314, HK 40, and Alloy 800H have been studied in a strongly carburizing (a_C=0.8), weakly oxidizing atmosphere at 1098 K. Samples with electropolished and cold-worked surfaces were exposed for up to 400 min. at temperature, in a conventional corrosion rig or in a reaction vessel which was installed within an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The latter facility allowed the effects of the specimen heating rate and the rat of gas flow to be investigated. Examination of the corrosion products was accomplished with the aid of XPS, SEM, TEM, and conventional metallography. Initially, surface layers comprised of -Cr₂O₃, (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, and SiO₂ formed, with layer structure, microstructure, and composition being functions of alloy composition and surface condition. Only on the cold-worked surfaces did a well-developed duplex oxide, consisting of an outer, Cr-rich oxide layer and an inner, SiO₂ layer, form. In good agreement with the predicted value of 1.9 wt.%, between 1.4 and 2 wt.% Si in the alloy was required to form a complete SiO₂ layer. After an incubation period, -Cr₂O₃ became unstable and transformed to M₇C₃; the carbides then grew by diffusion of metal from the alloy substrate. The presence of manganese, as (Mn, Cr)₃O₄, in the surface oxide influenced the mode of carbide growth, whereas the rate of carbide growth was severely suppressed by a continuous SiO₂ layer which acted as a diffusion barrier both to metal and to carbon. It is argued that the SiO₂ layer is most effective in reducing carburization when it is free from or contains very few structural defects.     

Surface modification of spherical LiNi1/3Co 1/3 Mn1/3O2 with Al2O3 using heterogeneous nucleation process

To improve the cycle stability at high voltage and high charge/discharge rate, spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was coated with Al2O3 by using heterogeneous nucleation process, and the physical and electrochemical properties were studied. The SEM images show that there is a uniform coating on the modified spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. The electrochemical tests indicate that the properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 coated with 0.5% aluminum oxide are the best. The initial capacities are 150 and 173 mA.h/g at the rate of I C in the voltage range of 2.7-4.3 V and 2.7-4.6 V, respectively, and the discharge capacities maintain about 99% and 85% after 30 cycles, respectively. While those of the bare LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are only 90% and 75%, respectively. The CV tests of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 show that Al203-coating can restrain the oxide-reduction peak currents fading during the charge/discharge course.     

铸造／热压Pr—Fe—B磁体的矫顽力及其与晶粒尺寸关系

研究了铸造/热压 r_(19)Fe_(74.5)B_5Cu_(1.5)永磁体的磁硬化特点.发现磁体反磁化过程受反向畴的形核控制.矫顽力与晶粒尺寸的对数存在线性关系: _iH_c(MA/m)=1.7312—0.4816Ind(μm)根据反向畴形核的随机性和矫顽力的统计特性讨论了该式的物理意义。     

工件位置加工误差的分析与建模

主动寻位与状态记忆安装技术(InitiativeLocatingandStateMemory,简称IL&SM)是一种新型的工件安装方法。通过运用齐次坐标变换原理分析了多工序转换过程中,IL&SM箱体对工件上特征间位置精度的影响,并给出了描述工件位置误差的通用数学模型,最后通过实例说明了位置误差建模方法的应用。研究结果将为消除箱体原始误差对工件加工精度影响,从而为进一步实现误差补偿提供理论参考依据。     

液态金属快速结晶的热力学驱动力

采用超高真空无容器悬浮熔炼技术使液态Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ的过冷度分别达２００和２３５Ｋ，借助量热法测定出其比热各为４８．６和４０．５Ｊ·ｍｏｌ~（－１）·Ｋ~（－１）．据此精确计算出深过冷Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ快速结晶的热力学驱动力△Ｇ_（ＬＳ），并与Ｔｕｒｎｂｕｌｌ模型和Ｄｕｂｅｙ－Ｒａｍａｃｈａｎｄｒａｒａｏ模型的近似计算结果相比较，发现这两种近似模型在过冷度超过１００Ｋ时均产生大于１％的偏差．进一步分析发现，△Ｇ_（ＬＳ）的计算偏差对深过冷液态金属中晶体形核率的影响极大，因此快速凝固研究中应尽可能精确计算△Ｇ_（ＬＳ）．     

基于VC++的金属凝固过程微观组织演变的可视化研究

以Al-4%Cu合金为例，利用热焓法处理结晶潜热，再根据相变热传导的等效热容法有限元理论，求解了该合金凝固过程的温度场分布；结合连续形核模型和枝晶尖端生长的动力学模型，进行了温度场与晶粒组织形成过程的耦合模拟；通过调用VC＋＋的图形设备接口函数库和设备环境功能，实现了晶粒形成过程的计算机可视化。     

脉冲电流对Sn—Pb合金凝固组织的影响

研究了脉电流流对Ｓｎ－１０％Ｐｂ合金凝固组织的实验，实验表明，粗大的富Ｓｎ树枝状初晶细化成近球状结构，提出了一个脉冲电流对凝固组织影响的唯象机制，用经典的均匀形核理论和电动力学理论导出了脉冲压力与脉冲电流之间和成核率与脉冲压力之间的关系，脉冲电流产生的大小不同的脉冲压力对晶核的形成和长大产生不同程度的影响是导致不同观测结果的基本原因。     

Links between different stabilities of switched homogeneous systems with delays and uncertainties

This paper addresses the links between three stabilities (attractivity, asymptotic stability, and exponential stability) of switched homogeneous systems with delays and uncertainties. A system has a certain property over a given set of switching signals if the property holds for all switching signals in . It is shown that a switched homogeneous system of degree one is exponentially stable over a given set of switching signals if it is attractive or asymptotically stable over the same set. The result is then applied to switched linear systems with delays and uncertainties. Finally, an example follows to show that ‘being over a given set of switching signals’ is necessary to guarantee the equivalence between different stabilities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宁夏黄河段水库泥沙淤积对大坝防渗与结构安全影响研究

以宁夏黄河段某水库为例,在对其泥沙淤积原因进行总结分析的基础上,对其淤积情况下大坝渗流分析、结构分析及抗震安全分析进行了有限元计算。研究表明:(1)泥沙淤积情况下大坝渗漏量减小,大坝稳定性增强,抗震安全系数增大;(2)泥沙淤积导致水库有效库容减小,水库建筑物无法正常工作,水库下游生活用水和农业用水无法满足,应采取必要的清淤措施。     

分数次积分变换的交换子在齐型空间上的端点估计

令T为P^n上的Caldero＇n-Zygmund积分算子,由T构成的交换子的有界性已有较完善的结论,本文的目的是将之推广到一般的齐型空间。设（X,d,μ）为齐型空间,将引进齐型空间（X,d,μ）上的分数次积分变换构成的交换子Iγ^b,并证明分数次积分变换构成的交换子Iγ^b的端点估计,即砖是从L^1/γ（X）到BMO（X）有界的,从Bp^γ（X）到CMO（X）有界的。