为何“幽默”的动画角色如此重要

动画艺术的生命力不仅在于运用高新技法去"动"和"画",而有它不可忽视的智慧——幽默蕴含其中。在动画艺术不断发展的今天,我们应对动画中幽默的运用及其对动画生命力的影响加以分析,研究。动画的根本在大众,最终目标是为了得到大众接受。因此我们应该认识动画不是某种单纯意义上简单、片面的画面制作,更需要关注幽默在动画角色设计中的应用,用动画这种基本语言来塑造一个鲜活的形象,并让观众喜欢这个形象。     

乐观、风趣的“幽默史诗”——评查尔斯·狄更斯《匹克威克外传》艺术特色

《匹克威克外传》作为解读狄更斯最重要的作品之一,杂糅了幽默讽刺、象征、流浪汉体、现实主义等诸多因素,并用丰富的语言和喜剧手法体现了其独特幽默的艺术构思,本文通过对语言特色,人物形象等方面的分析进一步探讨该小说的艺术特色。     

语域变异与语言交际的幽默效果

从Halliday和Hasan对于语域的定义出发,探讨了语域变异对语言交际的幽默效果的影响,目的是要研究语域的三个交项,语场、语旨和语式是如何在语域变异中发挥作用,并最终使语言交际产生幽默效果的.     

Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty

Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) after corneal transplantation leads to refractory glaucoma and permanent loss of vision. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) and the progression of PAS after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). We measured 20 cytokine levels in AqH and assessed the correlation with PAS progression after PKP in 85 consecutive patients who underwent PKP. We also evaluated age-dependent alterations in PAS and cytokine levels in DBA2J mice. PAS developed in 38 (44.7%) of 85 eyes after PKP. The incidence of intraocular pressure increase after PKP was significantly greater in eyes with PAS (26.3%) than in those without PAS (2%, p = 0.0009). The PAS area at 12 months after PKP was significantly positively correlated with the preoperative levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (p ≤ 0.049). In the DBA2J mice, an experimental glaucoma model that developed PAS at 50 weeks, the AqH levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly increased at 50 weeks compared to 8 weeks (p ≤ 0.021). In conclusion, inflammatory alterations in the AqH microenvironment, such as high preoperative specific cytokine levels, can lead to PAS formation and glaucoma.     

Humor and anxiety.

Psychoanalytic literature, recognizing a relationship between humor and anxiety and emphasizing the aggressive and sexual, as well as the nonsensical, aspects of humor, led to the experimental question whether Ss differentiated on the basis of a self-rated anxiety scale respond differently to humorous stimuli. Based upon a general anxiety questionnaire, extreme groups of 28 high anxiety and 28 low anxiety Ss containing equal numbers of men and women were selected. Cartoons selected from the Mirth Response Test were presented to each S one at a time in a standardized order that intermingled the various content categories of aggression, sex, and nonsense. There was a relationship found between S's rating of his susceptibility to anxiety and his preference for cartoons of aggressive content, and this relationship was seen to depend upon the social context of the humor stimuli. To a lesser extent there was also a relationship between anxiety, preference, and social context in the case of nonsensical cartoons. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

概念整合理论对幽默理解的解释力

从概念整合的角度,阐述幽默理解的认知机制。幽默的理解需要读者对其进行即时在线的意义构建,概念整合理论正提供了这方面的理论基础。用具体实例来详细分析概念整合在理解幽默时的运作过程。     

幽默语言的迷人魅力

语言是交际的工具,而幽默则使它变得奇妙无比,成为通往交际成功的一根“魔杖”。教师在教育教学过程中,适时巧妙地运用幽默语言艺术,可使教师口语具有迷人的魅力,焕发动人的光彩。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者眼部病变相关的基础与临床研究

目的总结北京协和医院眼科诊治的人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者眼部病变的发病率及其临床特征、治疗效果和房水、泪液病毒学检测结果。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2015年12月在北京协和医院眼科诊治的223例HIV/AIDS患者的眼部并发症的临床特征和治疗效果。其中男性157例,女性66例;平均年龄(39.2±9.7)岁(8.0~78.0岁)。对所有患者的感染方式、眼部并发症的临床表现、检查、治疗等进行回顾性分析。结果 223例HIV/AIDS患者中,有眼部并发症者99例(44.4%),共156只眼,其中并发巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)视网膜炎64只眼(40例),HIV视网膜病变54只眼(35例),HIV/梅毒双重感染合并眼底病变20只眼(13例),免疫重建炎症综合征(immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome,IRIS)16只眼(10例),慢性泪腺炎2只眼(1例)。CD4+T淋巴细胞计数小于50/mm3的HIV/AIDS患者泪液分泌低于正常人(P=0.008)。在行高效抗逆转录酶病毒疗法(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)治疗有效且血浆HIV检测为阴性的16例HIV/AIDS患者的泪液中发现HIV-1病毒,中位病毒载量为2291(519,6667)拷贝/ml。结论在HIV/AIDS患者眼部病变中,CMV视网膜炎是AIDS晚期最常见的机会性感染,早期发现和及时给予全身及眼部治疗,可改善患者的视力预后。患者血液HIV检测阴性时,房水和泪液HIV仍持续阳性,提示防止HIV病毒播散,采取有效的预防措施至关重要。     

论如何提高科普的趣味性

科学欲与伪科学争夺公众,提高科普的趣味性是一条有效途径,可从4个方面着手:平等姿态、幽默感、善用譬喻、结合流行文化或社会热点。本文选取科学松鼠会、上海"新民科学咖啡馆"、"名声实验室"竞赛、"搞笑诺贝尔奖"、"博士之舞"竞赛、霍金《大设计》、美剧《生活大爆炸》等鲜活事例和材料,加以论述。最后得出结论:无论在民间或官方,都已开始超越传统的科普模式,探索新型的、更富于趣味性、更具有吸引力的模式,这必将为我国科普事业注入新活力。