从关联理论视角下分析《快乐大本营》中的幽默话语

《快乐大本营》是全国最有影响力的娱乐节目之一。文章运用关联理论,从最佳关联和最大关联的反差,明示和推理的反差,语境的反差三个方面去阐释幽默产生的内在原因。最后得出结论:关联理论对于幽默的产生和理解有着很大的解释力。     

违反会话合作原则产生的幽默效果

幽默作为一种常见的言语交际形式,是所有文化、语言的重要组成部分。在言语交际中,为了保证会话的顺利进行,谈话双方必须共同遵守合作原则;然而,人们常常出于某些原因违反合作原则。文章从语用学的角度,结合英语幽默实例,探讨了说话者在会话中因违反合作原则的四个准则而产生的幽默效果,将有助于我们更好地理解和掌握语言,提高鉴赏和运用语言的能力。     

目的论视域下的幽默翻译策略--以网传单口相声的字幕翻译为例

幽默的翻译策略在当今译界是一个热门话题。在目的论视域下,通过考察网络流行的单口相声视频的字幕翻译探索网络语境下幽默的翻译策略,发现译者从网络观众的喜好和特点出发,采纳了多种翻译策略传达幽默效果,包括文化注解提供幽默背景、巧用修辞再现幽默语境、网络用语彰显娱乐特质、文化植入引起心理共鸣、方言入译进行幽默补偿等。     

英汉幽默语的跨文化研究

英汉幽默语的跨文化研究,通过中西方幽默的会意性和历史文化两个方面,论述了幽默语的异同。通过会意性这一点来分析说明思辨的共性,而历史文化传统的差异性,则体现在英汉幽默的内容、对象、风格等方面。通过论述使英汉幽默语的异同之处更加明晰,为英汉幽默语项目的进一步研究提供理论支撑。     

Protein content in aqueous humor from patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) investigated by capillary LC MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS

Analysis of proteins in human body fluids is challenging since the composition of the sample often is rather complex. Here we present a method for analysis of proteins in aqueous humor from two groups of cataract patients, with and without pseudoexfoliation (PEX). Aqueous humor is an extracellular fluid contained in the anterior chamber of the eye between the cornea and iris. The limited volume of sample requires sophisticated analysis techniques. Our method is based on a total tryptic digestion of the sample followed by capillary LC‐MALDI MS and MS/MS analysis of the peptides. The method is rapid, efficient and suitable as a complement or alternative to more commonly used methods based on gel electrophoretic experiments. With this method we found and unambiguously identified 30 nonredundant proteins. Proteins found include general transport proteins such as albumin and apolipoprotein A1 but also specific proteins involved in immune response, such as complement factors. Cystatin C, clusterin, and crystallins were also found. Although the number of proteins was roughly the same in both groups there was a significant difference in their identities. These findings may give some new insights into the pathophysiology of the PEX syndrome.     

荒诞世界：从人性的异化走向人性的邪恶——论余华小说的荒诞主题

余华擅长在极端化的情境下描述人的存在状态和心灵世界，试图在文明秩序的另一面呈现人性邪恶丑陋的一面。于是，一个个精心设置的荒诞离奇的故事就成了作者的叙事实验室。文章通过对余华作品重复的非正常死亡事件的解述、暴力图景的解构、黑色幽默叙事风格的解说，从而直视并了解余华笔下所绘制的小说主题——荒诞世界。     

Perpetuating online sexism offline: Anonymity,interactivity, and the effects of sexist hashtags on social media

Sexism and sexual harassment are not uncommon in online environments such as social networking sites, forums, and video games. This experiment investigated whether users’ anonymity and level of interactivity with sexist content on social media influenced sexist attitudes and offline behavior. Participants (N = 172) used a Twitter account that was anonymous or had personally identifying details. They were asked to share (i.e., retweet) or write posts incorporating a sexist hashtag. After exposure, participants completed two purportedly unrelated tasks, a survey and a job hiring simulation in which they evaluated male and female candidates’ resumés. Anonymous participants reported greater hostile sexism after tweeting than nonanonymous participants. Participants who composed sexist tweets reported greater hostile sexism and ranked female job candidates as less competent than those who retweeted, although this did not significantly affect their likelihood to hire.     

Review of Transforming narcissism: Reflections on empathy, humor, and expectations. Vol. 28: Psychoanalytic inquiry book series.

Reviews the book, Transforming narcissism: Reflections on empathy, humor, and expectations. Vol. 28: Psychoanalytic inquiry book series by Frank M. Lachmann (see record 2008-01083-000). This book is a welcome addition to the conversation on working with self-pathology. Lachmann brings a personal, conversational voice to the dialogue; there is much here to benefit students and seasoned clinicians alike. It is not a treatment manual for narcissism, but rather Lachmann’s own transformational dialogue with Heinz Kohut. Using Kohut’s (1966) article “Forms and Transformations of Narcissism” as a starting point, Lachmann elaborates Kohut’s contention that archaic narcissism is transformed through psychotherapy into empathy, humor, creativity, wisdom, and acceptance of our transience. He focuses on the first three elements as a means as much as a product of transformation in therapy, and the latter two elements are discussed as hopeful outcomes of the transformational process therapy engenders. Although there are limitations in terms of this book’s utility as a treatment guide for interventions with patients with narcissistic disorders, as a series of reflections on transformational processes it is often quite compelling. Lachmann the therapist advocates using empathy, humor, and creativity, not to try to impress or demonstrate his cleverness, but rather as bridge to transformational intimacy with his patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

从语用预设角度解析会话幽默

文章将语用预设的相关理论与幽默研究相结合,从语用预设的角度分析了会话幽默的产生及理解,为幽默语言研究提供了一个新的视角。     

The Multi-Elemental Composition of the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery,Suffering from Coexisting Diabetes,Hypertension, or Diabetic Retinopathy

The aim of the study was the multi-elemental analysis of aqueous humor (AH) collected from patients undergoing cataract surgery. The study included: 16 patients with age-related macular degeneration AMD (99 controls), 10 patients with retinopathy (105 controls), 61 patients with hypertension (54 controls), and 33 patients with coexisting diabetes (82 controls). The control groups were recruited from patients with a lack of co-existing disease characterizing the specified studied group. The measurements were performed by the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The statistical analysis was carried out using non-parametric testing (Mann–Whitney U). The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The data obtained revealed substantial variations in elemental composition between the test groups in comparison to the controls. However, the significant variations concerned only a few elements. The phosphorous (P) level and the ratio of P/Ca were significant in retinopathy and diabetes, whereas cobalt (0.091 ± 0.107 mg/L vs. 0.031 ± 0.075 mg/L; p = 0.004) was significant in AMD. In co-existing hypertension, the levels of tin (0.293 ± 0.409 mg/L vs. 0.152 ± 0.3 mg/L; p = 0.031), titanium (0.096 ± 0.059 mg/L vs. 0.152 ± 0.192 mg/L; p = 0.045), and ruthenium (0.035 ± 0.109 mg/L vs. 0.002 ± 0.007 mg/L; p = 0.006) varied in comparison to the controls. The study revealed inter-elemental interactions. The correlation matrices demonstrated the domination of the positive correlations, whereas negative correlations mainly concerned sodium.