Review of Humor and psyche: Psychoanalytic perspectives.

Review of book: James W. Barron. Humor and psyche: Psychoanalytic perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1999, xi + 232 pp.. Reviewed by Jeffrey Berman. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

英语突降格及其语序意义的再现

突降法是英汉两种语言都十分常见的修辞格。它的最大特点是句子的前后语序不可颠倒。突降辞格的翻译不能套用一般的语序翻译原则。否则,辞格修辞效果就不可能再现出来。     

The contingency of humor appreciation on the stimulus-confirmation of joke-ending expectations.

A set of jokes was divided into three levels of varying stimulus confirmation of joke ending expectancy and Ss rated the degree of humor contained in the jokes. Predictions were made on the basis of the incongruity hypothesis of humor and the discrepancy hypothesis of hedonic arousal. The principal findings were: (a) the degree of humor appreciation increased with the degree to which the joke ending expectancy was confirmed; and (b) when incongruities were varied in degree, age and sex contributed to the humor ratings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The adaptive functions of wit and humor.

In a study of 332 Ss, 2 hypotheses—(a) wit and humor are appreciated more under stress than nonstress conditions and (b) the well adjusted appreciate nonsense wit more than the poorly adjusted—were not confirmed. It did appear that men appreciate hostile wit while women prefer nonsense wit. When not under stress, hostile wit is more appreciated by the maladjusted than the well adjusted men; under stress the reverse is true. The well adjusted person has a greater appreciation for humor than the maladjusted. "It is concluded that the Freudian distinction between wit and humor is a valid one, with wit possibly operating to reduce tension under differing circumstances depending upon the interaction of adjustment, stress, and sex factors." (22 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

查尔斯·狄更斯小说创作艺术特色分析

查尔斯·狄更斯作为维多利亚时代最伟大的作家之一,在其数十年的写作生涯中创作出大量小说,作品杂糅了幽默讽刺、矛盾、流浪汉体、浪漫主义精神、批判现实主义等诸多因素,并用丰富的语言和喜剧手法描写了一系列社会底层的小人物,彰显了作品独特的幽默风格,并对中国的作家产生了深远的影响。对其进行分析,有助于大家进一步对其艺术特色的了解。     

合作原则下的英语幽默话语分析

探讨了故意违反合作原则的各准则所产生的幽默话语,并用Leech的礼貌原则等来加以解释。故意违反合作原则的各准则会产生会话含义,这种会话含义在话语的深层次上巧妙地传达了说话者意欲表达的信息。幽默话语正是利用这种深层次上的语用意义来含蓄、深沉、巧妙地应对生活中的问题,交际中的难堪,或用来点缀生活,愉悦生活,增强语言表达的效果,增添语言交际的乐趣。交际者用故意违反合作原则所产生的幽默话语来交际,其目的可以用Leech的礼貌原则及其四条补充原则来解释。     

言语幽默中预设冲突的认知语用阐释

言语幽默,即言语表达的幽默。是以语音、书写或句法形式表示的幽默形式。言者利用预设冲突可以制造出言语的不和谐感,使读者识解乖讹现象在语义、语用和认知层面的表现。本文选举英文军营笑话为例,从认知语用的角度阐释了预设冲突在幽默言语中逻辑层、语境层和关联层对乖讹消解机制的作用,并深入揭示幽默效应的产生。     

喜剧小品中幽默话语的语体分析

喜剧小品是一种深受大众喜爱的电视艺术,幽默是喜剧小品的灵魂,喜剧小品中的幽默话语自然就成了吸引观众的法宝。作为一种特殊的言语交际形式,喜剧小品中的幽默话语在语音、语法、修辞等方面都有其独特的表现;同时各种语体的交叉使用也为喜剧小品增加了更多的幽默元素。     

英语幽默中的双关

双关是英语中一种常见的修辞方法。它使语言风趣谈谐，是构成幽默的主要方式。本文从语音、词汇、语法方面对英语幽默中的双关进行分析，以提高学习者对英语幽默的理解力和欣赏力。     

Biogenic Amine Levels Markedly Increase in the Aqueous Humor of Individuals with Controlled Type 2 Diabetes

The composition of the aqueous humor of patients with type 2 diabetes is relevant to understanding the underlying causes of eye-related comorbidities. Information on the composition of aqueous humor in healthy subjects is limited due to the lack of adequate controls. To carry out a metabolomics study, 31 samples of aqueous humor from healthy subjects without ocular pathology, submitted to refractive surgery and seven samples from patients with type 2 diabetes without signs of ocular pathology related to diabetes were used. The level of 25 molecules was significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the aqueous humor of the patient group. The concentration of a single molecule, N-acetylornithine, makes it possible to discriminate between control and diabetes (sensitivity and specificity equal to 1). In addition, receptor operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis for the above-mentioned six molecules yielded significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the aqueous humor of the patient group. In addition, receptor operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis for six compounds yielded cut-off values and remarkable sensitivity, specificity, and segregation ability. The altered level of N-acetylornithine may be due to an increased amount of acetate in diabetes. It is of interest to further investigate whether this alteration is related to the pathogenesis of the disease. The increase in the amino form of pyruvate, alanine, in diabetes is also relevant because it could be a means of reducing the formation of lactate from pyruvate.