石油价格机制改革之对策

文章在阐述我国石油价格形成机制的演变过程的基础上,针对我国目前石油定价机制所导致的诸如石油价格变动滞后以及由此带来的市场信号失灵等问题思考了相应的改革对策,提出了调整政府价格管理职能、建立平等竞争的市场规则、完善稳定油价的调控体系以及加快建立石油战略储备等7个方面的建议。     

电子元器件贮存可靠性评估与预测的贝叶斯方法

基于电子元件寿命试验的二项型数据信息,提出了电子元件贮存可靠性评估与预测的贝叶斯方法.利用环境因子将电子元件产品在不同贮存条件下的试验数据进行折合,依据贝叶斯理论对小样本下可能出现的数据"数据倒挂"进行预处理,并评估出其在各已知贮存时间点上的可靠度,再运用配曲线法得到产品的贮存寿命分布,进而对其贮存可靠度进行合理预测.最后,通过一个实例说明了方法的可行性.     

LTE-A系统一种降低复杂度的软球形检测算法

软球形译码算法虽然能接近ML(最大似然)算法的误码性能,但其计算复杂度很高。文章提出了一种降低计算复杂度的SSD(软球形译码)算法,该算法在QR(正交三角)分解算法的反向迭代上三角矩阵R中引入减弱噪声部分以缩小初始搜索半径,然后利用最小距离准则对搜索树进行有效地删减,缩小树搜索空间。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法在获得接近传统SSD性能的条件下,能够很大程度地降低系统的计算复杂度。     

针对拷贝因子的云存储负载均衡技术

为了解决当前云存储架构中分布式文件系统的负载均衡问题,在研究分析了各种不同的负载均衡算法以后,从文件的拷贝因子这一角度,提出了一种以自动化调整拷贝因子作为系统负载均衡策略的算法。该方法能明显提高云存储系统的吞吐率,减少客户端平均访问时间,从而能有效增加客户满意度。为了验证该方法的可行性与实际效果,对运行在Linux的开源版本opensuse之上的云存储系统Quantcast File System的文件拷贝因子模块进行了修改,实验结果显示用拷贝因子作为云存储环境负载均衡算法是有效的。     

采用可调谐激光器提高光纤延迟线精度的研究

为了提高一种3bit可变光纤延迟线的延时精度,提出一种采用可调谐激光器作为系统光源的技术,利用光纤的材料色散特性即光纤的折射率随传输波长变化而改变的特点,来改变延时光纤中信号存储的时间,从而达到提高光纤延迟线延时精度的目的。仿真结果表明,采用该种技术的光纤延迟线系统,平均延时误差从4.1ps下降到了1.3ps,延时精度得到了显著提高。     

Flash memory architecture

Flash memories entered the nonvolatile memory scenario only a few years ago, and now these kind of memories are battling to substitute either EEPROM or EPROM. In fact, their peculiarities are becoming quite interesting in present day applications.In system updating, low power consumption, embedded algorithm for program and erase, high density, low cost packages are some of the items which are making the Flash grow in the nonvolatile memory market share.Some words must be spent in explaining what the market is asking of Flash, which are the main applications for these memories, and how their architecture is arranged.The Flash memory cell behaviour will be described, then the fundamental operations (read, program and erase) are explained and some words are used to introduce the redundancy and device testability concept.     

Plasma chemistries for dry etching of NiFe and NiFeCo

Plasma chemistries based on chlorine, bromine, or iodine have been investigated for inductively coupled plasma etching of NiFe and NiFeCo. There is clear evidence of a chemically enhanced etch mechanism with both Cl₂- and I₂- based mixtures, with no enhancement present for Br₂ chemistries. Etch yields are typically low (≤0.25), emphasizing the need for high ion fluxes in order to achieve practical material removal rates.     

超(超)临界直流锅炉蓄热系数计算

给出了超(超)临界直流锅炉蓄热系数的计算方法:首先根据水和水蒸气的热力性质,通过程序计算出水冷壁中各相态段的长度,然后依据体积守恒方程、质量守恒方程和能量守恒方程分别计算水冷壁和过热器的蓄热系数.以某660 MW超超临界直流锅炉为例,利用锅炉设计数据计算得到4个工况下水冷壁和过热器的蓄热系数.结果表明:锅炉的蓄热系数为60s左右,水冷壁蓄热系数占锅炉蓄热系数的15%~30%,过热器蓄热系数占锅炉蓄热系数的70%~85%.     

蓄能型地源热泵式植物工厂供能系统

为了改善采用化石燃料为植物工厂供能所造成的排放大量温室气体和有害气体危害环境的问题,设计蓄能型地源热泵式供能植物工厂供能系统,削峰填谷,将一部分日间高峰负荷挪到晚上低谷期从而利用了晚上多余的电力,达到了节约能源的目的。通过计算确定植物工厂的冷热负荷选型制热量和制冷量分别为799 k W和613 k W的水源热泵,地下水抽水量为78.9 m3/h,并选型蓄热罐为400 m3,蓄冷罐为600 m3。经计算分析,该系统不仅有节能减排效益,而且具有一定的投资意义。     

Thermal stratification in ribbed liquid hydrogen storage tanks

A significant decrease in the degree of thermal stratification is demonstrated by improvising transverse wall ribs on the inner cylindrical surfaces of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. The ribbed surfaces are modeled as fins and a conjugate transient heat transfer problem is formulated for predicting flow currents and heat transfer. Turbulent Rayleigh numbers between 1.2×10¹²$1.2\times {10}^{12}$ and 6×10¹⁶$6\times {10}^{16}$ are considered. A stratification parameter based on the moment of energy is defined to quantify the degree of stratification and this parameter is seen to be about 30% lower for the ribbed tanks. The degree of stratification is not sensitive to changes in the ratio of the rib height to the spacing between the ribs. The transient free convection is shown to be characterized by the parameter Fo×Ra^0.15$\mathrm{Fo}\times {\mathrm{Ra}}^{0.15}$. The process of stratification takes place more slowly in the ribbed tanks than in smooth-walled tanks. The free convective heat transfer coefficient for tanks having ribbed surface is also seen to be significantly lower. Incorporation of ribs over the inner surface of the insulated tanks is demonstrated to offer a simple means of reducing the stratification and boil-off losses.