LDNP生产工艺改进对其电点火头性能的影响

分析了点火头基药2,4-二硝基苯酚铅(LDNP)的制备原理,结合制备LDNP的生产工艺,提出了一种改进的LDNP制备方法。该方法加料时,NaOH后于Pb(NO_3)_2加完,并且在后处理时利用冰醋酸将反应体系pH值调成中性。将采用改进方法制备的LDNP用来生产电点火头,经发火性能等测试,结果表明,该方法有利于提高电点火头机械强度、发火可靠性和一致性。     

密闭空间煤粉爆炸特性的实验研究

为了探明煤粉在密闭空间中的爆炸特性参数,利用20 L球形爆炸装置进行实验测试,实验研究了不同点火能量对煤粉爆炸行为的影响,对比CaCO_3和Al(OH)_3两种惰性介质的抑爆效果及惰性介质的抑爆效力随点火能量的变化规律进行了重点探讨。结果表明:随着点火能量的增加,爆炸压力随着煤粉浓度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在同一浓度下,粉尘最大爆炸压力和最大升压速率呈线性上升,在高浓度下,粉尘爆炸压力受点火能量的影响更显著;添加CaCO_3和Al(OH)_3能够降低煤粉的爆炸压力,相对于CaCO_3的物理抑爆而言,Al(OH)_3的物理-化学抑爆效果更佳;惰性介质抑爆效力随点火能量增加而下降,建议采用5~10 k J点火能量考察惰性介质对煤粉爆炸的抑制效力。     

Reactive Structural Materials: Preparation and Characterization

Reactive structural materials, which can serve both as structural elements as well as a source of chemical energy released upon initiation have emerged as an important class of metal‐based composites for use in various energetic systems. Such materials rely on a variety of exothermic reactions, from oxidation to formation of metal‐metalloid and intermetallic phases. The rates of these reactions are as important as the energy that may be released, in order for them to occur at the time scales compatible with the requirements of applications. Therefore, chemical composition, scale at which reactive components are mixed, and the structure and morphology of materials are important and can be controlled by the method of preparation and compaction of the composite materials. Methods of preparation of the composite structures are briefly reviewed as well as methods of characterization of their mechanical and energetic properties. In addition to common thermo‐analytical and static mechanical property measurements, dynamic tests of mechanical properties as well as ignition and combustion experiments are necessary to understand the fragmentation, initiation, and heat release expected for these materials when they are stimulated by an impact, shock, or rapid heating. Reaction mechanisms are studied presently for the thin layers and small samples of reactive materials initiated in carefully designed experiments. In other experiments, impact and explosive initiation are characterized for larger material compacts in the conditions imitating practical scenarios. Examples of results describing thermal, impact, and explosive initiation of some of the reactive materials are presented.

     

Case-based expert system using wavelet packet transform and kernel-based feature manipulation for engine ignition system diagnosis

Whenever there is any fault in an automotive engine ignition system or changes of an engine condition, an automotive mechanic can conventionally perform an analysis on the ignition pattern of the engine to examine symptoms, based on specific domain knowledge (domain features of an ignition pattern). In this paper, case-based reasoning (CBR) approach is presented to help solve human diagnosis problem using not only the domain features but also the extracted features of signals captured using a computer-linked automotive scope meter. CBR expert system has the advantage that it provides user with multiple possible diagnoses, instead of a single most probable diagnosis provided by traditional network-based classifiers such as multi-layer perceptions (MLP) and support vector machines (SVM). In addition, CBR overcomes the problem of incremental and decremental knowledge update as required by both MLP and SVM. Although CBR is effective, its application for high dimensional domains is inefficient because every instance in a case library must be compared during reasoning. To overcome this inefficiency, a combination of preprocessing methods, such as wavelet packet transforms (WPT), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and kernel K-means (KKM) is proposed. Considering the ignition signals captured by a scope meter are very similar, WPT is used for feature extraction so that the ignition signals can be compared with the extracted features. However, there exist many redundant points in the extracted features, which may degrade the diagnosis performance. Therefore, KPCA is employed to perform a dimension reduction. In addition, the number of cases in a case library can be controlled through clustering; KKM is adopted for this purpose. In this paper, several diagnosis methods are also used for comparison including MLP, SVM and CBR. Experimental results showed that CBR using WPT and KKM generated the highest accuracy and fitted better the requirements of the expert system.     

电子点火与电控燃油喷射实验教学系统设计

在现代汽车上,电子点火和电控燃油喷射装置因其优越性而日益普及。在实验室中,电子点火与电控燃油喷射系统的模拟实验教学就显得尤为紧迫。在应用LabVIEW软件和USB6211数据采集卡硬件的基础上,开发汽车电子点火与电控燃油喷射系统的虚拟实验仪,可提高工作效率,减少测试和测量工作的复杂性。本设计的教学系统转变了传统意义上的仪表测量方式,实现了计算机实时数据采集、显示和存储,达到了在计算机上检测各个传感器的功能,同时提供了动态的实验环境,使学生对电子点火与电控燃油喷射系统的实验有了更深入和直观的认识。     

锅炉等离子点火技术的应用及燃油系统选择

适用于贫煤、烟煤、褐煤,可连续运行的多根碳棒等离子点火技术,较前苏联采用银棒等离子点火技术具有造价低、使用寿命长等优点。以包头第二热电厂为例,对采用等离子点火技术前后的运行情况分析比较,经济效益可观。针对丰镇电厂三期2×600MW机组,设计采用等离子无油点火技术,对燃油系统进行了优化选择,简化了油罐设置。工程具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

急倾斜煤层群坚硬顶板导爆索爆破放顶试验

淮南孔集煤矿在有煤尘爆炸危险及项板坚硬的采空区内进行中深孔挤压爆破时，在国内率先应用煤矿安全导爆索代替多雷管起爆，成功地进行了22次爆破，解决了生产急需，获得了较好的技术经济效果．并在导爆索起爆性能测定、操作工艺及在有煤尘爆炸危险的采空区内如何安全爆破等方面取得了经验．     

煤粉浓度对煤粉高温热壁点火影响的试验研究

为了研究煤粉浓度在热壁无油点火中的影响规律，该文进行了详细的试验研究，揭示了煤粉气流在高温管壁面加热情况下的着火过程和煤粉浓度对无油点火过程的影响。煤粉的着火过程分为3个阶段：初始的挥发分均相着火段、发展的焦炭多相着火段和最后的燃烧稳定段。煤粉浓度的升高导致了煤粉气流着火推迟，着火距离增加，系统出口温度降低，并促使系统出口烟气组成发生了显著的变化。文中得到的煤粉浓度对煤粉高温热壁面点火的影响规律，对于煤粉高温热壁面无油点火燃烧器的设计和运行提供了重要的理论依据。     

双进双出磨煤机直吹式旋流燃烧器锅炉应用等离子燃烧技术的试验研究

介绍等离子点火技术首次应用于双进双出磨煤机直吹式制粉系统的情况。通过引邻炉热风、调整磨煤机运行方式解决了煤粉制备问题；采用撞击离心分离装置，满足了等离子点火的煤粉浓度要求；采用合理的等离子燃烧器结构、调整磨煤机最低风量等技术方案，在冷态情况下实现了等离子点火装置启动直式旋流燃烧器锅炉。     

小油量气化煤粉燃烧系统在205 t/h锅炉上的应用

介绍了小油量气化燃烧直接点燃煤粉燃烧系统工作原理、系统构成，重点介绍了小油量气化煤粉燃烧系统工业性应用试验研究及经济性分析。试验结果表明，小油量气化燃烧直接点燃煤粉燃烧系统性能稳定，能实现机组冷、热态启动及低负荷稳燃，经济效益显著，达到了工业应用条件。