DSC-cell - A versatile tool to study thermo-oxidation of aviation lubricants

The versatility of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cell in studying thermal and/or thermal-oxidative degradation of lubricants is shown using ester-based aviation turbine oils as an example. The following applications are discussed: 1. quality control of fresh and used oils by pressure differential scanning calorimetry; 2. influence of metal catalysis on oil degradation; 3. identification of volatile degradation products by PDSC gas chromatography-mass spectrometry via a TENAX trap; 4. determination of spontaneous ignition temperatures; 5. influence of metall metal oxides, wear debris and oil degradation products on ignition behaviour; 6. inhibition of spontaneous ignition by antioxidants.     

大型机组点火系统供电技术的探讨

火力发电厂锅炉点火系统采用等离子点火及稳燃技术,引起供电负荷及厂用电系统变化,为使等离子装置供电电源的安全可靠,对其负荷分析并提出原则性供电方式意见供大家探讨。     

正辛醇/正丁醚骨架机理的构建及验证

采用定向关联图误差传播敏感度分析法(DRGEPSA)、同分异构体合并和峰值浓度分析法对正丁醚和正辛醇的详细机理进行简化,并将简化后的正丁醚和正辛醇机理合并,获得了包含117个组分和601个基元反应的骨架机理.利用正丁醚和正辛醇详细机理的着火延迟、正丁醚层流火焰速度的试验数据和正辛醇在射流搅拌反应器(JSR)中组分摩尔浓...     

Modelling auto ignition of hydrogen in a jet ignition pre-chamber

Spark-less jet ignition pre-chambers are enablers of high efficiencies and load control by quantity of fuel injected when coupled with direct injection of main chamber fuel, thus permitting always lean burn bulk stratified combustion. Towards the end of the compression stroke, a small quantity of hydrogen is injected within the pre-chamber, where it mixes with the air entering from the main chamber. Combustion of the air and fuel mixture then starts within the pre-chamber because of the high temperature of the hot glow plug, and then jets of partially combusted hot gases enter the main chamber igniting there in the bulk, over multiple ignition points, lean stratified mixtures of air and fuel. The paper describes the operation of the spark-less jet ignition pre-chamber coupling CFD and CAE engine simulations to allow component selection and engine performance evaluation.     

富氧煤粉气流着火机理的实验研究

针对环境氧浓度发生变化时,煤粉气流的反应动力学级数和机理都会发生变化的情况,采用一维火焰炉对神木烟煤在富氧条件下的着火机理进行了实验研究.结果表明:采用着火时烟气中CO和CO2体积分数的变化规律来判断煤粉气流的着火是可行的;当环境中氧气体积分数从21%升高到40%时,神木烟煤的着火完成了从均相着火向多相着火的转变,同时随着着火温度的降低,着火时刻烟气中热解产物的含量迅速降低.     

双点火及补气对摩托车发动机性能影响的研究

针对摩托车发动机经济性差、排放高的问题,笔者在一台加装了双火花塞和进气补气系统的单缸摩托车发动机上,在不同转速条件下,就双火花塞点火和补气对内燃机燃烧与排放特性的影响进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,采用双点火配合进气补气的方法可以有效降低发动机CO、HC排放及比燃油消耗率。在转速为3500r.min-1的条件下,采用双点火配合进气补气的发动机比燃油消耗率较原机降低约12.5%。在发动机转速高于3000r.min-1时,采用双点火也可以在一定程度上改善发动机经济性并降低CO和HC排放。但NOx排放在双点火条件下较原机略有升高。     

Engine knock and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition engine operating with varying hydrogen and carbon monoxide proportions

Varying proportions of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas) have been investigated as a spark ignition (SI) engine fuel in this paper. It is important to understand how various synthesis gas compositions effect important SI combustion fundamentals, such as knock and burn duration, because in synthesis gas production applications, the compositions can vary significantly depending on the feedstock and production method.A single cylinder cooperative fuels research (CFR) engine was used to investigate the knock and combustion characteristics of three blends of synthesis gas (H₂/CO ratio); 1) 100/0, 2) 75/25, and 3) 50/50, by volume. These blends were tested at three compression ratios (6:1, 8:1, and 10:1), and three equivalence ratios (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8).It was revealed that the knock limited compression ratio (KLCR) of a H₂/CO mixture increases with increasing CO fraction, for a given spark timing. For a given equivalence ratio and spark timing, a 50%/50% H₂/CO mixture produced a KLCR of 8:1 compared to a 100% H₂ condition, which produced a KLCR of 6:1. The burn duration and ignition lag is also increased with increasing CO fraction. The results from this work are important for those considering using synthesis gas as a fuel in SI engines. It reveals that although CO is a slow burning fuel, higher CO fractions in synthesis gas can be beneficial, because of its increased resistance to knock, which gives it the potential of producing higher indicated efficiencies through the utilization of an engine with a higher compression ratio.     

火花点火对CAI燃烧过程的影响

CAI燃烧具有高效节能和低NOx的优点,但CAI燃烧也存在燃烧始点和放热率难以控制的难点。通过添加火花点火的方法,在缸内制造热点,产生有助于CAI燃烧的着火条件,从而达到了控制CAI燃烧始点的目的。试验表明,在添加火花点火后,着火滞燃期明显缩短,CAI着火及燃烧更稳定,并对经济性有一定改善。火化辅助点火也有利于CAI运行范围向更低负荷方向拓展。因此,火花点火可以作为控制CAI燃烧的一种辅助手段。