乙醇浸提法制备亚麻籽浓缩蛋白工艺研究

以冷榨亚麻籽饼为原料,采用乙醇浸提法制备亚麻籽浓缩蛋白。采用单因素试验研究了浸提工艺参数(浸提温度、浸提时间、乙醇体积分数、液固比以及浸提次数)对产品蛋白质含量的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验进行工艺参数优化。结果表明,在所考察的范围内,各因素影响的主次顺序为乙醇体积分数浸提时间浸提温度液固比;最优工艺条件为浸提温度50℃、浸提时间75 min、乙醇体积分数70%、液固比6∶1、浸提次数2次,在此条件下亚麻籽浓缩蛋白的回收率为63. 87%,蛋白质含量为65. 38%。     

绿茶饮料浓缩物缓解体力疲劳实验研究

目的:探讨绿茶饮料浓缩物缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用。方法:240只清洁级雄性昆明小白鼠随机分为4组,分别以经口灌胃方式给予蒸馏水(对照组)、不同剂量绿茶饮料浓缩物[133mg/(kg·bw),665mg/(kg·bw),1995mg/(kg·bw)],每日1次,连续45d,进行负重游泳实验,测定血乳酸、血清尿素及肝糖原含量。结果:与对照组比,低、中剂量能够增加小鼠负重游泳时间(P<0.01);低剂量组可降低游泳后即刻的血乳酸水平(P<0.05),各剂量组均能降低游泳后20min的血乳酸水平(P<0.05);中剂量组能够增加小鼠肝糖原储备(P<0.05);各剂量组血清尿素水平没有明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:绿茶饮料浓缩物具有缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用,以中剂量作用最强。     

Milk response to concentrate supplementation of high producing dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances

Twenty multiparous Holstein cows (four ruminally cannulated) in five 4 x 4 Latin squares with 21-d periods were used to study the effect of concentrate supplementation when grazed at two pasture allowances. The four dietary treatments resulted from the combination of two pasture allowance targets (low, 25 vs. high, 40 kg of dry matter/cow per day) and two concentrate supplementation levels (zero vs. 1 kg of concentrate/4 kg of milk). Concentrate supplementation decreased pasture dry matter intake 2.0 kg/d at the low pasture allowance (17.5 vs. 15.5 kg/d) and 4.4 kg/d at the high pasture allowance (20.5 vs. 16.1 kg/d). Substitution rate was lower at the low pasture allowance (0.26 kg pasture/kg concentrate) than at the high pasture allowance (0.55 kg of pasture/kg of concentrate). Total dry matter intake of both supplemented treatments averaged 24.4 kg/d. Milk production of both supplemented treatments averaged 29.8 kg/d, but was increased with higher pasture allowance in the unsupplemented treatments (19.1 vs. 22.2 kg/d). Milk response to concentrate supplementation was 1.36 and 0.96 kg of milk/kg of concentrate for the low and high pasture allowances, respectively. Concentrate supplementation reduced milk fat percentage but increased milk protein percentage. Rumen pH and NH3-N concentration were decreased with concentrate supplementation. Substitution rate was likely related to both negative associative effects in the rumen (reductions in rumen pH, rate of pasture digestion, and NDF digestibility) and reductions in grazing time. The latter was more important, quantitatively explaining at least 80% of the reduction in pasture dry matter intake observed.     

Production of an exopolysaccharide-containing whey protein concentrate by fermentation of whey

Using whey as a fermentation medium presents the opportunity to create value-added products. Conditions were developed to partially hydrolyze whey proteins and then ferment partially hydrolyzed whey with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus RR (RR; an EPS-producing bacterium). In preliminary experiments, pasteurized Cheddar cheese whey was treated with Flavourzyme to partially hydrolyze the protein (2 to 13% hydrolyzed). Fermentation (2 L, 38 degrees C, pH 5.0) with RR resulted in EPS levels ranging from 95 to 110 mg of EPS per liter of hydrolyzed whey. There were no significant differences in the amount of EPS produced during fermentations of whey hydrolyzed to varying degrees. Since a high level of hydrolysis was not necessary for increased EPS production, a low level of hydrolysis (2 to 4%) was selected for future work. In scale up experiments, whey was separated and pasteurized, then treated with Flavourzyme to hydrolyze 2 to 4% of the protein. Following protease inactivation, 60 L of partially hydrolyzed whey was fermented at 38 degrees C and pH 5.0. After fermentation, the broth was pasteurized, and bacterial cells were removed using a Sharples continuous centrifuge. The whey was then ultrafiltered and diafiltered to remove lactose and salts, freeze-dried, and milled to a powder. Unfermented hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed whey controls were processed in the same manner. The EPS-WPC ingredients contained approximately 72% protein and 6% EPS, but they exhibited low protein solubility (65%, pH 7.0; 58%, pH 3.0).     

乳清浓缩蛋白在酸奶生产中的应用

以鲜奶，奶粉，乳清蛋白等乳成分为主要原料，研究了乳清浓缩蛋白在酸奶生产中的制做方法，对乳清浓缩蛋白代替部分高档脱脂奶粉生产酸奶产品的保水率，粘度，口感及组织状态进行了比较分析。结果表明，在酸奶生产中，添加一定的浓缩乳清蛋白代替高档脱脂奶粉是可行的，产品较为理想。     

HACCP管理系统在胡萝卜浓缩汁生产中的应用

在胡萝卜浓缩汁的生产管理中，通过推行HACCP管理系统，制定生产工艺过程中相应的危害分析及关键控制点，关键限值的监控和纠偏措施，应用于生产实践，对产品安全卫生的提高起到了显著的作用，取得了良好的效果，同时为其它果蔬浓缩汁提供了有益的借鉴。     

Holstein-Friesian strain and feed effects on milk production, body weight, and body condition score profiles in grazing dairy cows

Data from 113 lactations across 76 cows between the years 2002 to 2004 were used to determine the effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian (HF) dairy cow and concentrate supplementation on milk production, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS; 1 to 5 scale) lactation profiles. New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) HF cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 levels of concentrate supplementation [0, 3, or 6 kg of dry matter (DM)/cow per d] on a basal pasture diet. The Wilmink exponential model was fitted within lactation (Y_DIM = a + b e(^{−0.05 × DIM)} + c × DIM). The median variation explained by the function for milk yield was 86%, between 62 and 69% for milk composition, and 80 and 70% for BW and BCS, respectively. North American cows and cows supplemented with concentrates had greater peak and 270-d milk yield. Concentrate supplementation tended to accelerate the rate of incline to peak milk yield, but persistency of lactation was not affected by either strain of HF or concentrate supplementation. No significant strain by diet interaction was found for parameters reported. New Zealand cows reached nadir BCS 14 d earlier and lost less BW (22 kg) postcalving than NA cows. Concentrate supplementation reduced the postpartum interval to nadir BW and BCS, and incrementally increased nadir BCS. New Zealand cows gained significantly more BCS (i.e., 0.9 × 10⁻³ units/d more) postnadir than NA cows, and the rate of BCS replenishment increased linearly with concentrate supplementation from 0.5 × 10⁻³ at 0 kg of DM/d to 0.8 × 10⁻³ and 1.6 × 10⁻³ units/d at 3 and 6 kg of DM/d concentrates, respectively. Although there was no significant strain by diet interaction for parameters reported, there was a tendency for a strain by diet interaction in 270-d BCS, suggesting that the effect of concentrate supplementation on BCS gain was, at least partly, strain dependent.     

保健素食低糖月饼的制作

主要讲述了以魔芋胶、麦芽糖醇及大豆蛋白为主要原料制作月饼馅料的配方研究和月饼生产的工艺流程,工艺较传统月饼简单,又赋予月饼更多的营养价值和保健作用。     

Physico-Chemical Properties of the Flour, Protein Concentrate, and Protein Isolate of the Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) Seed

ABSTRACT:  Defatted flour, protein concentrate, and protein isolate obtained from Amazonian cupuassu seeds were evaluated for their solubility properties, water and oil retention capacity, foam formation and stability, gelling properties, emulsifying ability, and emulsion stability. The protein contents of defatted flour, the concentrate, and the isolate were 27.65%, 31.18%, and 64.29%, respectively. As expected, the protein isolate exhibited higher solubility than the protein concentrate, achieving more than 90% solubility at pH 8.0. The flour and the protein concentrate, however, showed excellent water and oil retention capacities. High emulsifying capacity at pH 7.0 was also observed for all 3 products: 987 mL oil/g, 977 mL oil/g, and 1380 mL oil/g for the flour, protein concentrate, and protein isolate, respectively. Gelling properties were not exhibited by any of the products, but all of them exhibited good utilization potential, not only to enrich other foods but also to enhance relevant functional properties.