农村饮水工程适宜水质净化技术

农村饮水工程根据不同的原水水质条件，宜采用不同的水质净化技术。对地表水浑浊度长年低于20NTU、瞬间不超过60NTU原水，可采用微絮凝直接过滤加消毒或慢滤加消毒净化工艺；浑浊度长年低于500NTU、瞬间不超过1000NTU的原水，采用混凝沉淀（澄清）过滤、消毒的常规净水工艺。对于特殊水质如氟超标的地下水、砷超标的地下水、苦咸水及其他污染水，根据不同情况，可分别采用活性氧化铝吸附法、混凝沉淀法、多介质过滤法、铁盐混凝沉淀法、电渗析法、反渗透法等不同方式予以处理。     

Local‐scale Benefits of River Connectivity Restoration Planning Beyond Jurisdictional Boundaries

Conservation planning aims to optimize outcomes for select species or ecosystems by directing resources toward high‐return sites. The possibility that local benefits might be increased by directing resources beyond the focal area is rarely considered. We present a case study of restoring river connectivity for migratory fish of the Great Lakes Basin by removing dams and road crossings within municipal jurisdictions versus their broader watersheds. We found that greater river connectivity could often be achieved by considering both intra‐jurisdictional and extra‐jurisdictional barriers. Focusing on jurisdictional barriers alone generally forfeited <20% (median = 0%) of habitat gains for those who value solely habitat gains within the jurisdiction, but >75% (median = 100%) for planners who value larger‐scale habitat gains. Similarly, cost savings tended to be between ?50% and +50%, but in some cases were very negative. Our study underscores the local‐scale benefits of broadening restoration investments, especially for decision makers of the Great Lakes Basin and contributes to a discussion of appropriate and efficient scales of conservation planning. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Gabor多尺度空间的不变兴趣点检测

针对以往仿射不变兴趣点的特征尺度不能直接断定的问题, 提出一种基于Gabor多尺度空间的不变兴趣点检测算法。该算法主要包括三个步骤：应用Gabor滤波器组与图像卷积建立图像Gabor多尺度空间; 通过极大值准则检测兴趣点并直接断定特征尺度; 采用二阶矩矩阵描述兴趣点局部结构。实验结果表明, 相比较其他Hessian-Affine、MSER等算法, 该算法在图像模糊和JPEG压缩情况下可重复率和可匹配率均取得最好结果, 是一种能有效直接提取特征尺度的兴趣点检测算法。     

基于扩散距离和MDS的非刚性模型相似性分析

在非刚性模型相似性分析方法中, 基于测地距离的等距嵌入方法对模型拓扑变化非常敏感, 对于有局部拓扑变化的完全相似的模型也无法得到正确结果。为了弥补这一不足, 提高非刚性模型相似性分析的准确性, 将扩散距离与多维尺度分析(MDS)相结合, 计算非刚性模型的等距嵌入模型, 再利用迭代最近点(ICP)算法通过计算嵌入模型的相似性来实现原始非刚性模型的相似性分析。实例证明该方法对含有拓扑变化的非刚性模型可以得到理想的相似性分析结果。     

基于专家系统的汽车衡故障传感器判别

传感器是自动化设备的核心部件,传感器故障检测显得尤为重要。针对目前汽车衡维护、检修的困难,为有效准确判断故障传感器,提出了以径向基函数神经网络（RBFNN）预估值的初始化数据库专家系统判别方法。经现场测试准确率达到96%以上,从而有效简单地判定传感器好坏和识别故障传感器的位置。     

基于集成温度传感器的硅微陀螺仪数字化温度补偿研究

提出了一种基于集成温度传感器的硅微陀螺仪数字化温度补偿方法。首先,介绍了集成温度传感器的硅微陀螺仪基本结构原理,分析了硅微陀螺仪动力学方程以及温度变化对硅微陀螺仪谐振频率、品质因数、标度因数和零偏的影响。然后,设计了基于FPGA的硅微陀螺仪数字化补偿电路。最后,经过温度特性实验得到标度因数和零偏随温度变化曲线,建立了温度补偿模型,提出分段温度补偿方法。经过温度补偿后,标度因数和零偏的温度系数分别由316.66×10-6/℃和366.22°/(h·℃)减小为69.67×10-6/℃和115.25°/(h·℃),证明了补偿方法的正确性和可行性。     

流域规划时空数据管理关键技术研究

针对流域规划工作中存在专业模型计算数据格式众多、时空数据分离、包含时间和空间信息的多方案对比不直观等问题,对流域规划中数据管理关键技术进行了研究。利用水资源分区和行政区划组合出了"流域-子流域-计算分区"不同层次的空间尺度,运用历史年月统计数据、长时间日观测系列数据,预测计算出了从规划基准年到近、远期规划水平年间不同时间粒度的成果,按照"数据集-对象图层-要素"的组织形式存储于关系型数据库中,用以构建厄瓜多尔流域规划时空数据库,实现了多格式数据集成化管理、不同尺度时空数据的整合以及多方案成果的直观表达,增加了流域规划工作中数据多样化分析的应用方式,提升了数据分析及其应用的自动化程度,通过对时空数据变化的直观模拟,提升了对比分析的工作效率。     

Decentralized control: Status and outlook

This paper reviews state of the art in the area of decentralized networked control systems with an emphasis on event-triggered approach. The models or agents with the dynamics of linear continuous-time time-invariant state-space systems are considered. They serve for the framework for network phenomena within two basic structures. The I/O-oriented systems as well as the interaction-oriented systems with disjoint subsystems are distinguished. The focus is laid on the presentation of recent decentralized control design and co-design methods which offer effective tools to overcome specific difficulties caused mainly by network imperfections. Such side-effects include communication constraints, variable sampling, time-varying transmission delays, packet dropouts, and quantizations. Decentralized time-triggered methods are briefly discussed. The review is deals mainly with decentralized event-triggered methods. Particularly, the stabilizing controller–observer event-based controller design as well as the decentralized state controller co-design are presented within the I/O-oriented structures of large scale complex systems. The sampling instants depend in this case only on a local information offered by the local feedback loops. Minimum sampling time conditions are discussed. Special attention is focused on interaction-oriented system architecture. Model-based approach combined with event-based state feedback controller design is presented, where the event thresholds are fully decentralized. Finally, several selected open decentralized control problems are briefly offered as recent research challenges.     

Chemical Reaction Engineering and Research and development of gas solid systems

A general procedure is proposed for innovative research and development of gas-solid reactor systems, with a brief explanation of the significance of each step in the procedureBased upon the contacting mode between gas and solid phases, as well as the ways of supplying thermal energy to the reacting regions, various types of gas-solid reactor systems are classified by using tables of so called “matrix” form, for thermal cracking and gasification of heavy oils, gasification of coal, gasification of solid waste, calcination of limestone, clinkering of cement and reduction of iron ore.The importance of fundamental concepts is emphasized for successful research and development by presenting several examples; namely, calcination of limestone, thermal cracking of heavy oils and gasification of solid waste materials.In connection with the direction in which fundamental research should be oriented, four primary ways of thinking are proposed, which can be applied to obtain innovative ideas for further research and development in this field.One example of the author's practical experience was selected to show the role of the fundamental research in the course of large scale development. Finally the author outlines the role of chemical reaction engineering to innovate the novel gas-solid reactor systems which may be inevitable for simultaneous solution of the three big E's; namely, Energy, Environment and Economy.     

EDTA在尿素换热设备清洗中的应用

草酸法清洗换热设备垢层时对设备腐蚀严重。EDTA能与积垢中的铁离子反应生成溶于水的络合离子,达到清洗积垢的目的,对设备腐蚀程度也小,通过EDTA、Fe含量的变化可判断清洗程度。