A Study of the Social Security Work Incentives and Their Relation to Perceived Barriers to Work Among Persons With Psychiatric Disability.

Objective: To study use and awareness of the Social Security Work Incentives (SSWIs) and to obtain empirical data on barriers to returning to work. Study Design: Using parallel surveys and multiple sampling and recruitment strategies, the authors administered a brief survey about the SSWIs. Participants: Persons with a psychiatric disability (n=539), service providers (n=120), and family members (n=174). Results: All groups registered the greatest concern about the loss of health insurance; this and other concerns were perceived as serious barriers to returning to work. There were differences in the perceptions of the 3 groups about the importance of disincentives to work and differences among consumers by demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Consumers, family members, and providers of services need more information about the work incentives, particularly if the goals of the new Ticket to Work legislation are to be realized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

中美药品监管激励政策对我国创新药国内外同步开发的影响——基于泽布替尼的实证研究

本文梳理了中美两国在药品上市前的主要监管激励政策,包括优化注册流程及设置时限、加速上市程序、沟通交流制度及接受境外临床研究数据。同时采用案例分析法,以百济神州泽布替尼的中美同步开发过程为例,研究监管激励政策对中国新药研发企业实现创新药中美同步开发的影响。结果表明,百济神州对中美监管激励政策的合理使用,有效缩短了泽布替尼在两国的研发注册时间,降低了研发费用和难度,是泽布替尼实现中美同步开发的重要因素。国内其他产品可以借鉴泽布替尼经验,在产品研发时瞄准临床未满足需求,合理利用国内外药品监管政策,并加强与监管部门的沟通。国内药品监管部门也可以适当为有产品全球同步开发意向的企业提供帮助,从而让更多中国企业的创新产品登上国际舞台。     

Do generation firms in restructured electricity markets have incentives to support social-welfare-improving transmission investments?

This paper examines the incentives that generation firms have in restructured electricity markets for supporting long-term transmission investments. In particular, we study whether generation firms, which arguably play a dominant role in the restructured electricity markets, have the incentives to fund or support incremental social-welfare-improving transmission investments. We examine this question in a two-node network and explore how such incentives are affected by the ownership of financial transmission rights (FTRs) by generation firms. In the analyzed two-node network, we show both (i) that the net exporter generation firm has the correct incentives to increase the transmission capacity incrementally up to a certain level and (ii) that, although a policy that allocates FTRs to the net exporter generation firm can be desirable from a social point of view, such a policy would dilute the net-importer-generation-firm's incentives to support transmission expansion. Moreover, if all FTRs were allocated or auctioned off to the net exporter generation firm, then it is possible to increase both consumer surplus and social welfare while keeping the net exporter generation firm revenue neutral.     

Financial appraisal of wet mesophilic AD technology as a renewable energy and waste management technology

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has the potential to support diversion of organic waste from landfill and increase renewable energy production. However, diffusion of this technology has been uneven, with countries such as Germany and Sweden taking the lead, but limited diffusion in other countries such as the UK. In this context, this study explores the financial viability of AD in the UK to offer reasons why it has not been more widely used. This paper presents a model that calculates the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) on a twenty year investment in a 30,000 tonnes per annum wet mesophilic AD plant in the UK for the treatment of source separated organic waste, which is judged to be a suitable technology for the UK climate. The model evaluates the financial significance of the different alternative energy outputs from this AD plant and the resulting economic subsidies paid for renewable energy. Results show that renewable electricity and renewable heat sales supported by renewable electricity and renewable heat tariffs generates the greatest IRR (31.26%). All other uses of biogas generate an IRR in excess of 15%, and are judged to be a financially viable investment. Sensitivity analysis highlights the financial significance of: economic incentive payments and a waste management gate fee; and demonstrates that the fate of the digestate by-product is a source of financial uncertainty for AD investors.     

论激励与批评在学生管理中的作用及运用

通过分析怎样正确的对待激励与批评,使同学们树立正确的思想意识,保持好良好的心态,为以后的学习和生活打下良好的基础。     

How should grid operators govern smart grid innovation projects? An embedded case study approach

Grid operators increasingly have to collaborate with other actors in order to realize smart grid innovations. For routine maintenance, grid operators typically acquire technologies in one-off transactions, but the innovative nature of smart grid projects may require more collaborate relationships. This paper studies how a transactional versus relational approach to governing smart grid innovation projects affects incentives for other actors to collaborate. We analyse 34 cases of smart grid innovation projects based on extensive archival data as well as interviews. We find that projects relying on relational governance are more likely to provide incentives for collaboration. Especially non-financial incentives such as reputational benefits and shared intellectual property rights are more likely to be found in projects relying on relational governance. Policy makers that wish to stimulate smart grid innovation projects should consider stimulating long-term relationships between grid operators and third parties, because such relationships are more likely to produce incentives for collaboration.     

Development of an integrated multi‐objective optimization model for determining the optimal solar incentive design

To promote the deployment of the solar photovoltaic (PV) system from the long‐term perspective, the solar PV industry in many countries still needs the financial support from the government despite its remarkable growth and price reductions in the last decade. Many countries with this financial burden on their government budget, however, are planning to reduce or to expire the financial support step by step. To bring the solar PV market to its full maturity, it is crucial to improve the solar policies and to sustain the financial support with acceptable and reasonable prices, which can maximize the benefits for the investors while minimizing the incentive budget for the government. Towards this end, this study aimed to develop an integrated multi‐objective optimization (iMOO) model for determining the optimal solar incentive design from the perspectives of the investor and the government. A Microsoft Excel‐based iMOO model was developed using life cycle cost analysis, genetic algorithm, and Pareto optimal solutions. The developed Microsoft Excel‐based iMOO model was applied to six target regions to verify its effectiveness in determining the optimal solar incentive design. As a result, it was shown that depending on the various characteristics (e.g., solar radiation, electricity price, and installation cost) of a region, the optimal solar incentive design can be differently determined with a reasonable and acceptable level using the developed iMOO model. Among the six target regions, Newark required the lowest incentive budget of $US10,648.41 whereas Oklahoma City required the highest incentive budget of $US20,648.73 to offer their optimal solar incentives. The model developed in this study can help both the investor and the government in a decision‐making process and provide some solutions and insights for planning solar policies and strategies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Economic Analysis of Residential Distributed Solar Photovoltaic

Under the huge challenges of global energy conservation, emission reduction and energy security, distributed solar photovoltaic industry has become the key means to achieve economic restructuring and low carbon economy. Based on System Advisor Model software, the authors choose Baoji as the sample plot. Household load, unit investment, loan interest rate and loan fraction are used as influence factors to analyze the economic benefits of distributed solar photovoltaic in China. The result demonstrates that government incentives help to increase the profitability of distributed solar photovoltaic by a large extent; other factors that influence the profitability includes household load, unit investment cost, loan interest rate and loan fraction.     

基于博弈理论的代建项目合同激励、约束条件分析

代建制是对非经营性政府投资项目的实施过程进行管理的一种制度,是政府投资项目管理的新模式。代建制合同激励问题是决定代建制发展的关键因素之一,现行合同的奖惩体系不适宜代建单位的健康发展。从业主的角度出发,通过对代建单位与承包商的博弈模型分析,得出影响二者努力概率的参数,分析各项参数对各方行为的影响,并以此为基础为业主制定代建合同激励与约束条款提供建议。     

Supplier development and its incentives in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project

In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects. Compared with manufacturing industry, the characteristics of supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects is analyzed in term of development motives, supplier selection, quality management, production mode, owner participation and risks. The critical factors influencing the construction supplier development are identified, which include incentives, collaboration, future market, trust and bilateral communication. Furthermore, focusing on the incentives for the supplier’s product quality and production capacity improvement, decision-making framework models are proposed to design the incentive mechanisms.