浅述提高煤层气采收率方法

根据我国煤层气的储层特征及储层状况,对影响煤层气采收率的主要因素,以及提高煤层气采收率的开发技术和储层激励技术进行了分析,并介绍相关技术的优缺点。     

Evaluation of property tax bonus to promote solar thermal systems in Andalusia (Spain)

This paper evaluates the effects of a property tax bonus to promote the installation of solar–thermal energy systems in buildings in Andalusia (southern Spain). The propensity score matching methodology is used. The treatment group consists of municipalities of Andalusia that established property tax bonuses in their municipalities in 2010. The control group consists of municipalities that did not. The response variable measures the number of new square meters of solar thermal systems installed in 2010. The analysis leads to the conclusion that municipalities that established a property tax bonus had installed, on average, 102.245 to 122.389 square meters more. These results indicate that the percentage increase in squares meters installed in municipalities which adopted the tax bonus promotion ranged from 70.74% to 98.38%. These percentages were lower for rural municipalities (49.00% to 77.06%).     

供需理论视角下装配式建筑激励政策质性研究

为应对装配式建筑市场失灵现象，推动其发展与应用，可通过政策激励有效增加市场发展内动力。基于经济学供需理论，分析了政策激励的必要性:增量成本和增量收益客观存在、不同主体目标冲突及产品外部性分配不均等。激励方式包括供给端激励和需求端激励，两种方式既表现出一致性又各具特殊性。分析城市房价、收入水平和购房者年龄结构等对激励方式选择的影响，并提出关于装配式建筑政策激励的几点思考。     

财政分权体制下地方政府竞争的激励机制分析

改革开放以来,与经济体制逐渐由计划经济向市场经济转型相适应,我国的财政体制也逐步由集权型向分权型演进。这种演进受到垂直的政治管理体制的约束,由此形成了具有经济分权和政治集权二维属性的中国式财政分权体制,它赋予了地方政府特有的双重激励即财政激励和政治激励,促使地方政府为促进经济增长而展开激烈的标尺竞争。本文试图对财政分权体制下地方政府竞争的激励机制给与理论和经验的系统解释,并揭示其政策含义。     

江苏省推进绿色建筑发展的经济激励机制研究

随着生态环境的不断恶化,能源和资源问题的日益严重,发展绿色建筑,倡导建筑节能成为建筑业发展的新的方向和重点。江苏省绿色建筑发展一直走在全国前列,取得了较好的成效,这与江苏省推进绿色建筑发展的政府管理体制的不断完善、绿色建筑相关技术体系的建立和推动绿色建筑发展的经济激励机制有密切关系。发展绿色建筑除了靠政府推动,技术部门的研究,更离不开市场机制的作用,因此,对推进绿色建筑发展的经济激励机制进行研究很有必要。文章从江苏省现有的推进绿色建筑发展的经济激励机制现状、存在的问题及原因等方面进行分析,并尝试提出相应的解决措施,对目前绿色建筑的发展具有现实意义。     

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. The external validity and practical significance of goal-setting theory are explained, and new directions in goal-setting research are discussed. The relationships of goal setting to other theories are described as are the theory's limitations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Praise and blame as incentives.

33 articles spanning 50 yrs. of research on the effects of praise and blame on the performance of school children are reviewed. Praise generally acts as a facilitator to performance, though often it is indistinguishable from practice effect. The single exception in recent years is the decrement in performance from praised underachievers. Exceptions to the generally decremental effect of blame on the performance of children are underachieving children, very bright adolescents, and Negro children working under Negro examiners. The problem of subject-reinforcement history is presented as a major contributor to the confusion in the literature, and the use of functional designs is suggested as a solution. (40 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The study of compensation systems through the lens of self-determination theory: Reconciling 35 years of debate.

Although compensation specialists generally argue for incentive systems that link rewards to performance, self-determination theory argues that such contingent rewards can have detrimental effects on autonomous motivation. The authors present a model of the motivational effects of compensation systems that attempts to reconcile the self-determination theory view and the literature on compensation. This model evaluates how compensation system characteristics, such as the amount and variability of pay, can influence the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which in turn influence autonomous work motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

发展车用替代燃料的国际经验及影响因素

发展车用替代燃料是全世界各个国家和地区实现低碳转型的重要途径之一。巴西利用丰富的土地资源、较低的生产成本和不断提高的技术水平,通过制定和实施以甘蔗为主要原料的乙醇燃料发展计划,于2006年第一次实现了能源独立。巴基斯坦凭借天然气价格低廉、管道设施完善等优势大力发展天然气汽车,阿根廷通过控制天然气价格以及对汽油销售施以重税来推动消费者转向使用天然气汽车。美国在20世纪90年代前后尝试推广甲醇汽油,其中加利福尼亚州走在了各州前列,不过由于经济性不强、甲醇燃料的腐蚀问题以及既得利益者反对等原因,加州于2005年放弃了使用甲醇汽油车。日本则是重点发展纯电动汽车和混合动力汽车。通过研究以往的发展经验,可以总结出影响车用替代燃料发展的重要因素包括燃料的来源和经济性、技术成熟度和基础设施建设,以及有效的政策激励。另外,消费者的意识、社会各界的支持、基础研发的跟进等也是需要谨慎考虑的。