Aggregating multiple classification results using Choquet integral for financial distress early warning

Financial distress prediction methods based on combination classifier become a rising trend in this field. This paper applies Choquet integral to ensemble single classifiers and proposes a Choquet integral-based combination classifier for financial distress early warning. Also, as the conditions between training and pattern recognition cannot be completely consistent, so this paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy measure by using the dynamic information in the single classifier pattern recognition results which is more reasonable than the static prior fuzzy density. Finally, a comparative analysis based on Chinese listed companies’ real data is conducted to verify prediction accuracy and stability of the combination classifier. The experiment results indicate that financial distress prediction using Choquet integral-based combination classifier has higher average accuracy and stability than single classifiers.     

等强度婴儿脑MR图像分割的深度学习方法综述

磁共振（magnetic resonance,MR）成像作为一种安全非侵入式的成像技术,可以提供高分辨率且具有不同对比度的大脑图像,被越来越多地应用于婴儿大脑研究中。将婴儿脑MR图像准确地分割为灰质、白质和脑脊液,是研究早期大脑发育模式不可或缺的基础处理环节。由于在等强度阶段（6~9月龄）婴儿脑MR图像中,灰质和白质信号强度基本一致,组织对比度极低,导致此阶段的脑组织分割非常具有挑战性。基于深度学习的等强度婴儿脑MR图像分割方法,由于其卓越的性能受到研究人员的广泛关注,但目前尚未有文献对该领域的方法进行系统总结和分析。因此本文对目前基于深度学习的等强度婴儿脑MR图像分割方法进行了系统总结,从基本思想、网络架构、性能及优缺点4个方面进行了介绍。并针对其中的典型算法在iSeg-2017数据集上的分割结果进行了对比分析,最后对等强度婴儿脑MR图像分割中存在的问题及未来研究方向进行展望。本文通过对目前基于深度学习的等强度婴儿脑MR图像分割方法进行总结,可以看出深度学习方法已经在等强度期婴儿脑分割中展现出巨大优势,相比传统方法在分割精度和效率上均有较大提升,将进一步促进人类人脑早期发育研究。     

基于GA-SVM的企业财务困境预测

通过遗传算法结合支持向量机算法中期望风险边界,对我国上市公司财务数据进行特征提取,并优化构造广义最优分类超平面,从而获得具有较好整体预测性能的联合模型。数值实验表明,该方法可以降低特征空间维数,具有较好的分类准确率。实证结果表明,GA-SVM联合预测模型具有可靠的预测财务困境能力,有着良好的应用前景。     

On the etiology and effective management of professional distress and impairment among psychologists.

Both the psychologist and the consumer suffer when the professional's distress or impairment is inadequately managed. Although psychologists have significant rates of distress and impairment, numerous personal and occupational factors may decrease the likelihood that they will seek assistance when in trouble. Policies regarding the distressed or impaired psychologist, as enacted, are neither consistent nor comprehensive, and they may exacerbate risk to consumers and psychologists alike. Current oversight approaches to the impaired professional tend to emphasize code enforcement more than prevention and education. Recommendations to improve our effectiveness for both the consumer and the psychologist are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Supporting ordinal four-state classification decisions using neural networks

Many accounting and finance problems require ordinal multi-state classification decisions, (e.g., control risk, bond rating, financial distress, etc.), yet few decision support systems are available to aid decision makers in such tasks. In this study, we develop a Neural Network based decision support system (NN-DSS) to classify firms in four ordinal states of financial condition namely healthy, dividend reduction, debt default and bankrupt. The classification results of the NN-DSS model are compared with those of a Naïve model, a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) model, and an Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLGR) model. Four different evaluation criteria are used to compare the models, namely, simple classification accuracy, distance-weighted classification accuracy, expected cost of misclassification (ECM) and ranked probability score. Our study shows that NN-DSS models perform significantly better than the Naïve, MDA, and OLGR models on the ECM criteria, and provide better results than MDA and OLGR on other criteria, although not always significantly better. The effect of the proportion of firms of each state in the training set is also studied. A balanced training set leads to more uniform (less skewed) classification across all four states, whereas an unbalanced training set biases the classification results in favor of the state with the largest number of observations.     

Affective and cardiovascular effects of experimentally-induced social status.

Objective: Observational research suggests subordinate social status is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes. However, observational studies have limitations, including confounding of social status with other factors, limited ability to infer causality, and difficulty of obtaining detailed affective and physiologic data. This study used experimental methods to test the hypothesis that subordinate social status per se causes psychological distress and cardiovascular arousal. Design: Forty-four women were randomly assigned to an induced subordinate or dominant status condition. Social status was manipulated using a procedure derived from status construction theory. Main Outcome Measures: Affective responses were assessed via self-report. Cardiovascular responses were assessed by measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressures obtained with an automated blood pressure machine. Results: Participants in the subordinate condition perceived themselves as lower in status; the reverse was true for dominant condition participants. Compared with induced dominant status, induced subordinate status produced increased negative affect and systolic blood pressure over the course of the study. Conclusion: Findings suggest social status can be experimentally manipulated and short-term induction of subordinate status can have adverse effects on affect and stress-related physiological systems. Results have implications for understanding how socioeconomic status "gets under the skin" to influence health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Can skills training prevent relationship problems in at-risk couples? Four-year effects of a behavioral relationship education program.

Eighty-three couples were stratified into groups at high and low risk for relationship distress and randomized to either the Self-Regulatory Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (Self-PREP) or a control condition. As predicted, there were differential effects of Self-PREP on high-risk and low-risk couples. Because of low statistical power, results must be interpreted cautiously, but at 1-year follow-up high-risk couples in Self-PREP showed trends toward better communication than control couples. However, there was no difference in the communication of Self-PREP and control low-risk couples. High-risk couples receiving Self-PREP exhibited higher relationship satisfaction at 4 years than control couples, but in low-risk couples relationship satisfaction was higher in the control condition. High-risk couples seemed to benefit from skills-based relationship education, but low-risk couples did not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evolution of available lysine and lactose contents in supplemented microencapsulated fish oil infant formula powder during storage

In this work we report the evolution of available lysine, lactose and lipid hydroperoxide contents as indicators of food quality and stability of two types of infant formula powder stored at 25° and 37 °C for 12 months. The first type was supplemented with microencapsulated fish oil (MFO), made of little powder particles in a food starch‐coated matrix of caseinate and saccharose to prevent the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The second type was not supplemented and was used for reference. MFO might not be stable during storage and affect negatively the quality of the formula in two ways: by oxidation of PUFA, which may also easily react with lysine upon oxidation, blocking lysine, or by hydrolysis of saccharose, producing reducing sugars and increasing the Maillard reaction. Slight changes were observed in lysine and lactose evolution. By comparing the two formulae, this study shows that the MFO material did not negatively affect the studied parameters, indicating therefore acceptable stability in the conditions tested.     

核电厂正常运行放射性流出物对婴儿的食入剂量研究

由于有时核电厂址附近自然村婴儿膳食谱的缺乏,使评价核电厂放射性流出物对婴儿的辐射环境影响缺乏完整性。本文参考国际原子能机构(IAEA) 19号报告和国际放射防护委员会(ICRP) 95号报告计算婴儿食入母乳所受的辐射剂量,给出一套婴儿辅食合理的通用膳食谱。研究表明,参考IAEA 19号报告的方法将使评价结果偏小,失去保守性,参考ICRP 95号报告方法更为合理可行。     

Attachment theory and rections to others' needs: Evidence that activiation of the sense of attachment security promotes empathic responses.

Five studies examined the effects of chronic and contextual activation of attachment security on reactions to others' needs. The sense of attachment security was contextually primed by asking participants to recollect personal memories, read a story, or look at a picture of supportive others or by subliminally exposing them to proximity-related words. This condition was compared against the priming of neutral themes, positive affect, or attachment-insecurity schemas. Then reports of empathy and personal distress or the accessibility of empathy and personal-distress memories were assessed. Attachment-security priming strengthened empathic reactions and inhibited personal distress. Self-reports of attachment anxiety and avoidance were inversely related to empathy, and attachment anxiety was positively related to personal distress. The discussion emphasizes the relevance of attachment theory for explaining reactions to others' needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)