气相色谱-质谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移物

建立了一种同时测定婴幼儿乳粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移物的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）检测方法。采用超纯水将婴幼儿乳粉中的邻苯二甲酸酯类物质复溶,通过正己烷提取净化后采用气相色谱一质谱选择离子检测模式（SIM）进行定量分析。当加标水平在0．2～5．0mg／kg时,16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质均呈现良好的线性关系,相关性系数均大于0．995。回收率为75．0％～107．6％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．68％～6．10％。该方法操作简便、检测时间短、重现性好,适用于同时检测婴幼儿乳粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质。     

我国首例由丁酸梭菌引起婴儿E型肉毒中毒实验室诊断研究

目的对一起疑似婴儿肉毒中毒进行实验室诊断研究。方法对1例疑似婴儿肉毒中毒病例的粪便、食用过的食品和生活环境涂抹共计30份标本/样品进行梭菌分离鉴定及肉毒毒素检测,对分离菌株进行产毒试验。结果将患儿粪便标本培养物上清液腹腔注射小鼠后可致小鼠出现典型肉毒毒素中毒表现(竖毛、呼吸困难并出现典型的蜂腰、四肢麻痹),继而死亡,且培养物上清液经胰酶处理后毒性增强,表现为小鼠出现中毒及死亡时间较未处理组明显缩短。但培养物上清液经100℃加热处理后再次染毒动物,小鼠未出现中毒和死亡。混合型肉毒毒素诊断血清及单价抗E型肉毒毒素诊断血清可对小鼠起到保护作用。从患儿的粪便标本中分离到G~+芽胞杆菌,该菌在哥伦比亚血平板上呈不规则半透明扁平菌落,边缘根状生长,并携带E型肉毒毒素产毒基因,16S rRNA将其鉴定为丁酸梭菌,产毒试验结果显示该菌株可产E型肉毒毒素。结论该起婴儿中毒事件是由感染产E型肉毒毒素的丁酸梭菌引起。     

阪崎肠杆菌3种检测方法的应用与分析

分别采用美国FDA、ISO/TS 22964-2006和GB4789-2010阪崎肠杆菌检测方法,同时采用缓冲液蛋白胨水(BPW)作为前增菌液,对FAPAS(Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme)提供婴幼儿配方奶粉进行阪崎肠杆菌定性检测,同时应用VITEK2生化鉴定和16SrDNA序列分析技术对分离的可疑菌落进行确认。结果表明:mLST-Vm选择性增菌肉汤和DFI显色平板可以提高工作效率和阳性检出率,可疑菌落易于识别,VITEK2(全自动微生物生化鉴定系统)和16SrDNA测序技术应用可以实现阪崎肠杆菌高效、快捷的检测。     

近红外光谱法快速检测婴儿配方奶粉中的脂肪酸含量

采用傅里叶近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)法建立了测定婴儿配方奶粉中的总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的近红外数学模型,并通过交互验证和外部检验两种方式考察了近红外数学模型的可靠性。通过选择不同的波长范围,采用平滑、矢量归一化、一阶求导、二阶求导和散射校正对近红外光谱进行处理,总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的校正模型相关系数(R2)分别为0.9337、0.9374、0.9020,RPD分别为3.63、3.65、2.90。结果表明近红外数学模型具有良好的预测性能。采用建立的模型对验证集中的20个婴儿配方奶粉样品进行预测,总脂肪酸含量、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的预测值与化学测定值之间经配对t检验分析,与常规化学方法得到的检验结果无显著差异。     

Interparental conflict, negative parenting, and children's adjustment: Bridging links between parents' depression and children's psychological distress.

Pathways linking parental depressive symptoms, adult relationship insecurity, interparental conflict, negative parenting, and children's psychological adjustment (internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems) were assessed using a 3-wave longitudinal research design. Two-parent families (N = 352) with 11- to 13-year-old children (179 boys, 173 girls) participated in the study. Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms were associated with insecurity in adult close relationships assessed 12 months later, which was concurrently related to heightened levels of interparental conflict. Controlling for children's initial symptom levels, interparental conflict was related to child appraisals of father and mother rejection assessed an additional 12 months later, which were related to children's internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems, respectively. Results are discussed with regard to the implications for understanding the complex interplay between adult depressive symptoms, attributions in close adult relationships, interparental conflict, negative parenting, and children's psychological adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of relationship maintenance on psychological distress and dyadic adjustment among couples coping with lung cancer.

Objective: Relationship maintenance strategies help to ensure the continuation of valued relationships by keeping them at a certain level of intimacy. This study evaluated how lung cancer patients' and spouses' efforts to maintain their relationships affected their psychological and marital adjustment over time. Design: Psychosocial questionnaires were administered within 1 month of lung cancer treatment initiation (baseline) and 3 and 6 months later to 158 lung cancer patients and their spouses. Main Outcome Measures: Study outcomes were global severity index scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory, and total scores on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results: Multilevel modeling analyses using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model showed that, regardless of gender or social role (i.e., patient or spouse), individuals who engaged in the strategies of positivity, networks, and shared tasks reported less distress at baseline than other participants. Over time, the effects of providing more assurances and experiencing a partner's increased reliance on social networks differed: patient distress was exacerbated, and spouse distress was alleviated. Couples where both partners engaged in more frequent maintenance behaviors reported greater dyadic adjustment at baseline and over time. Conclusion: For couples coping with lung cancer, the initial treatment period may be an important time that sets the tone for future spousal interactions. Engaging in relationship maintenance during this stressful time may help mold more resilient relationships and facilitate adjustment as the disease progresses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

酶在婴儿米粉生产中的应用及研究

本文中采用酶解技术将组成婴儿米粉的主要成分一淀粉部分水解成糊精和低聚糖、麦芽糖等,从而成功地解决了传统米粉生产工艺中存在的缺陷,对婴儿营养米粉的生产具有重大参考价值。     

Effects of age on cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin levels in free-ranging adult female and infant rhesus macaques.

There is growing interest in examining oxytocin and social functioning in human and non-human primates. Studies of human oxytocin biology are typically restricted to peripheral assessments because opportunities to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rare. Several studies have examined CSF oxytocin levels in captive adult primates, but none to our knowledge have been conducted under free-ranging conditions and inclusive of infants. The main goal of this study was to establish feasibility of quantifying CSF oxytocin levels in free-ranging adult female and infant rhesus monkeys living on Cayo Santiago, PR. CSF oxytocin levels were examined in relation to individuals' demographic and reproductive characteristics as well as plasma cortisol levels. CSF oxytocin concentrations ranged from 36.02 to 134.41 pg/ml in adult females (ages 7–26 years; N = 31) and 35.94 to 77.3 pg/ml in infants (ages 38–134 days; N = 17). CSF oxytocin levels were positively correlated with adult female age and negatively correlated with infant age. The former correlation was driven by reproductive status. CSF oxytocin levels were unrelated to dominance rank or plasma cortisol levels. In contrast to a previous study of plasma oxytocin concentrations in this population, CSF oxytocin levels did not differ significantly between lactating and non-lactating females. These findings: 1) provide feasibility data for examining CSF oxytocin levels in free-ranging non-human primates and 2) indicate that CSF oxytocin levels may be a biomarker of age-related central nervous system changes across lifespan development. Research is now required to examine CSF oxytocin levels in the context of social functioning in free-ranging rhesus monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

超高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中的色氨酸

目的建立婴幼儿乳粉中色氨酸的超高效液相色谱检测方法,并考察乳粉中色氨酸含量与蛋白质含量的相关性。方法样品在145℃下碱性水解4 h,经C18色谱柱(50 mm×4.6 mm,1.8μm)分离。以100 mmol/L KH2PO4-NaOH缓冲溶液-甲醇为流动相,40%甲醇(v:v)等度洗脱,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量5μL,柱温45℃。荧光检测器检测,激发波长280 nm;发射波长350 nm。结果方法在1~1000μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999);定量限为1μg/L。添加浓度在0.2、0.5、1.5 mg/g时,色氨酸的回收率介于110.7%~116.3%之间。结论本方法操作简便,可应用于市售乳粉样品中色氨酸含量的测定。对市售样品的测定结果表明,部分婴幼儿乳粉样品的色氨酸含量低于国家限量,此外,乳粉中色氨酸含量与蛋白质含量之间并不呈线性相关。     

Early-Life Development of the Bifidobacterial Community in the Infant Gut

The establishment of the gut microbiota poses implications for short and long-term health. Bifidobacterium is an important taxon in early life, being one of the most abundant genera in the infant intestinal microbiota and carrying out key functions for maintaining host-homeostasis. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that different factors, such as gestational age, delivery mode, or feeding habits, affect the gut microbiota establishment at high phylogenetic levels. However, their impact on the specific bifidobacterial populations is not yet well understood. Here we studied the impact of these factors on the different Bifidobacterium species and subspecies at both the quantitative and qualitative levels. Fecal samples were taken from 85 neonates at 2, 10, 30, 90 days of life, and the relative proportions of the different bifidobacterial populations were assessed by 16S rRNA–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. Absolute levels of the main species were determined by q-PCR. Our results showed that the bifidobacterial population establishment is affected by gestational age, delivery mode, and infant feeding, as it is evidenced by qualitative and quantitative changes. These data underline the need for understanding the impact of perinatal factors on the gut microbiota also at low taxonomic levels, especially in the case of relevant microbial populations such as Bifidobacterium. The data obtained provide indications for the selection of the species best suited for the development of bifidobacteria-based products for different groups of neonates and will help to develop rational strategies for favoring a healthy early microbiota development when this process is challenged.