婴幼儿配方乳粉中三聚氰胺检测中前处理方法的优化

目的改进婴幼儿配方乳粉中三聚氰胺的检测方法。方法样品经高浓度三氯乙酸溶液-乙腈提取过滤,后经阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化,用高效液相色谱法测定,采用外标法定量。结果改进方法的检测时间缩短4 h,在0.5~10μg/m L范围内检测结果线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.5 mg/kg,定量限为1.5 mg/kg,回收率提高到99.3%~102%,精密度为0.47%,稳定性相对标准偏差为0.96%,能力验证结果表明可靠性好。结论改进方法能快速有效对婴幼儿配方乳粉产品进行检测,结果可靠,具有实践应用价值。     

特殊食品注册现场核查重点及工作模式探索

随着《中华人民共和国食品安全法》及特殊食品相关注册管理办法的相继出台实施,特殊食品注册现场核查首次被列入相关注册法规,幵要求由原国家食品药品监督管理总局审核查验机构组织开展,以此作为提升特殊食品监管的有敁举措,在注册审批阶段具有重要意义。本研究将三类特殊食品各自注册现场核查要点与新法规要求对比分析,针对目前发展现状及监管模式提出注册现场核查重点及工作模式的几点建议,旨在加快特殊食品注册审批工作新要求的落实,同时在原有工作经验的基础上科学提高注册现场核查工作敁率,提升行政审批敁能,进一步推进特殊食品行业健康发展。     

脂质体在婴儿体外胃肠道消化的膜结构稳定性

建立体外模拟婴儿胃肠道消化体系(成人为对照),研究脂质体在胃部的氧化应激效应和在小肠环境的脂解动力学。结果表明:脂质体消化后平均粒径明显减小、Zeta电位负电性增加;脂质体经胃部消化磷脂膜氧化程度(硫代巴比妥酸值)明显提高;在小肠消化过程中不断释放游离脂肪酸,且婴儿胃肠道环境水解率(38%)明显低于成人(80%),释放过程符合伪一级方程;傅里叶变换红外光谱研究发现,磷脂特征官能团(C=O、P=O、—CH_2)峰值发生改变,脂质体在婴儿胃肠道环境膜结构破坏程度低于成人。研究结果为脂质体运载营养素应用于婴儿配方食品提供了理论指导。     

BS ISO 20647婴儿配方奶粉和成人营养配方奶粉-总碘的测定-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)

本文全文译自国际标准BS ISO 20647:2015(E)Infant formula and adult nutritionals-Determination of total iodine-Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)。该标准规定了ICP-MS法测定婴儿配方奶粉和成人营养配方奶粉中总碘的测定方法。所有粉末状样品在分析前需要按一定比例用水稀释进行复原,即食样品(RTF)无需复原。称取约一定质量的复原试样,加入5%KOH溶液,在烘箱或微波消解装置中105℃±5℃进行消解,微波消解时消解容器盖子应稍微松开。消解完成后加入碘稳定剂-氨水-Na_2S_2O_3溶液,定容,混匀。取适量消解液过1μm滤膜,用141Pr作内标,ICP-MS直接测定滤液中碘的含量。该方法线性范围0.25~100ng/m L,能快速、准确、灵敏地测定婴儿和成人配方奶粉中总碘含量。     

BDNF-Overexpressing Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Their Therapeutic Efficacy against Severe Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury

We investigated whether irradiated brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)-overexpressing engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (BDNF-eMSCs) improve paracrine efficiency and, thus, the beneficial potency of naïve MSCs against severe hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborn rats. Irradiated BDNF-eMSCs hyper-secreted BDNF > 10 fold and were >5 fold more effective than naïve MSCs in attenuating the oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced increase in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death in vitro. Only the irradiated BDNF-eMSCs, but not naïve MSCs, showed significant attenuating effects on severe neonatal HI-induced short-term brain injury scores, long-term progress of brain infarct, increased apoptotic cell death, astrogliosis and inflammatory responses, and impaired negative geotaxis and rotarod tests in vivo. Our data, showing better paracrine potency and the resultant better therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated BDNF-eMSCs, compared to naïve MSCs, suggest that MSCs transfected with the BDNF gene might represent a better, new therapeutic strategy against severe neonatal HI brain injury.     

Shortened Infant Telomere Length Is Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children at Age Two Years: A Birth Cohort Study

Environmental factors can accelerate telomere length (TL) attrition. Shortened TL is linked to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school-aged children. The onset of ADHD occurs as early as preschool-age, but the TL-ADHD association in younger children is unknown. We investigated associations between infant TL and ADHD symptoms in children and assessed environmental factors as potential confounders and/or mediators of this association. Relative TL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cord and 12-month blood in the birth cohort study, the Barwon Infant Study. Early life environmental factors collected antenatally to two years were used to measure confounding. ADHD symptoms at age two years were evaluated by the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problems (AP) and the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems (ADHP). Associations between early life environmental factors on TL or ADHD symptoms were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusted for relevant factors. Telomere length at 12 months (TL12), but not at birth, was inversely associated with AP (β = −0.56; 95% CI (−1.13, 0.006); p = 0.05) and ADHP (β = −0.66; 95% CI (−1.11, −0.21); p = 0.004). Infant secondhand smoke exposure at one month was independently associated with shorter TL12 and also higher ADHD symptoms. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that influence TL attrition and early neurodevelopment.     

河南省市售婴幼儿配方食品中克罗诺杆菌的分子分型及系统发育研究

目的 了解河南省市售婴幼儿配方食品中克罗诺杆菌污染情况、分子分型特征及耐药情况,分析不同菌株间的系统发育进化关系。方法 采集婴幼儿配方食品227份,按照GB 4789.40—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验克罗诺杆菌属(阪崎肠杆菌)检验》方法进行克罗诺杆菌的分离鉴定,并用微量肉汤稀释法和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对分离株进行药敏实验和溯源分析,采用16S rRNA和多位点序列分型(MLST)方法进行种属鉴定和系统发育进化分析。结果 227份婴幼儿配方食品中检出13株克罗诺杆菌,分别属于阪崎克罗诺杆菌、苏黎世克罗诺杆菌和都柏林克罗诺杆菌。13株克罗诺杆菌药敏结果显示头孢唑啉耐药率达到84.6%(11/13),PFGE分型得到7个带型,MLST共分为6个ST型,其中ST1为优势型别,相同PFGE型的菌株也有相同的MLST型。结论 河南省市售婴幼儿配方食品中克罗诺杆菌污染以阪崎克罗诺杆菌为主,种属和基因型具有多样性,系统进化树分析结果显示MLST能够更好地说明种水平之间的亲缘关系。     

Growth inhibition of Cronobacter spp. strains in reconstituted powdered infant formula acidified with organic acids supported by natural stomach acidity

Cronobacter is associated with outbreaks of rare, but life-threatening cases of meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in newborns. This study was conducted to determine the effect of organic acids on growth of Cronobacter in laboratory medium and reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF) as well as the bacteriostatic effect of slightly acidified infant formula when combined with neonatal gastric acidity. Inhibitory effect of seven organic acids on four acid sensitive Cronobacter strains was determined in laboratory medium with broth dilution method at pH 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0. Acetic, butyric and propionic acids were most inhibitive against Cronobacter in the laboratory medium. The killing effect of these three acids was partially buffered in reconstituted PIF. Under neonatal gastric acid condition of pH 5.0, the slightly acidified formula which did not exert inhibition effect solely reduced significantly the Cronobacter populations. A synergistic effect of formula moderately acidified with organic acid combined with the physiological infant gastric acid was visible in preventing the rapid growth of Cronobacter in neonatal stomach. The study contributed to a better understanding of the inhibitory effect of organic acids on Cronobacter growth in different matrixes and provided new ideas in terms of controlling bacteria colonization and translocation by acidified formula.     

Microbial community structure and distribution in the air of a powdered infant formula factory based on cultivation and high-throughput sequence methods

The air in a powdered infant formula (PIF) factory is a potential transfer medium for microorganisms. In this study, air samples from 6 main processing areas, almost covering the whole PIF processing line and 1 outdoor location, were collected from a PIF manufacturing plant during the winter and summer periods. A cultivation-based and an Illumina (San Diego, CA) high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the community structures and distributions of bacteria in the air. High microbial diversity (25 genera, 56 species), with a dominant community including Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, and Kocuria, was found by the cultivation-based method. Moreover, 104 genera were obtained from all samples by high-throughput sequencing methods. Lactococcus (32.3%), Bacillus (29.6%), and Staphylococcus (14.0%) were the preponderant genera. The indices from high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the bacterial community of the air samples was highly diverse. Significant differences in the diversity and distribution at 6 sampling locations were revealed using the 2 methods. In particular, the packaging process contained the highest proportion (39.4%) of isolated strains. The highest diversity in bacterial community structure was found in the outdoor location. More bacterial isolates and higher community diversity were observed in the summer samples compared with the winter samples. In addition, some pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus cohnii, were mainly found in the large bag filling process, can filling, and packaging process areas. The present study provides greater insight into the microbial community and identifies potential sources of air contamination in PIF production environments and can serve as a guide to reduce the risk of microbial contamination in the production of PIF.     

基于人工种群和Agent的路面裂纹检测算法

提出的算法包含二值化算法和Agent算法.在二值化算法中,人工种群模仿自然生命系统的新陈代谢、生物淘汰和繁殖现象,通过人工种群个体的优胜劣汰,来实现路面图像的二值化.在Agent算法中,包含有多个种类的Agent,它们依据先验知识,进一步识别裂纹,完成路面裂纹的检测.实验结果说明该算法在噪声、油污和黑斑的处理方面取得了一定的进展.