Effective lightning protection schemes for distribution line

The causes of lightning outage are subdivided into direct lightning strokes and induced lightning strokes, which are identified by the characteristics of the lightning overvoltage. In the past, lightning protection devices were directed mainly toward the latter, and attention has been focused on the installation of lightning protection devices, ground wires, and reinforcement of insulators. However, lightning outages continue to occur. Thus it is extremely important to clarify the fault characteristics of lightning surges and to study the effectiveness of various lightning protection devices by considering both direct lightning stroke and induced lightning stroke in order to prevent lightning outage in the future. In this research, the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) has been applied to the direct lightning stroke, and the induced lightning outage analysis program for multiple conductor systems has been applied to the induced lightning stroke to study the effectiveness of lightning protection devices provided by combination of various lightning protection devices. The most effective lightning protection schemes are analyzed and evaluated based on verification tests on the full scale models as well as economic considerations.     

Recrystallization/precipitation behaviour in microalloyed steels

Microalloyed high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels contain additions of Nb, V, Ti, or in combination, in amounts of 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent to improve mechanical properties, which are strongly dependent on the thermomechanical interaction taking place in the course of rolling mill processes. The recrystallizatian of hat-twisted austenite has been investigated in a cylindrical specimen (f 6×50 mm) machined from hat rolled plates of 0,052 wt % Niobium microalloyed steel. Continuous and interrupted torsion test were carried out in the temperature range 1123 K to 1173 K after a solution treatment of 1.5 minutes at 1423 K and torque-twist data were analysed. The various methods were discussed for obtaining results from torsion tests. The effect of precipitation kinetics was appreciated by way of connection t_p/t_p(red), where t_p is the experimental measured time for the peak stress and t_p(red) is the newly defined reduced time. The softening ratio X and time t_0.05R for start of static recrystallization were established.

The correlation between precipitation and recrystallization is presented as a graphs for chosen requirements (temperature of austenitization, carbon and niobium content and strain rate). If temperature goes below 850°C, the restoration processes are hardly suppressed, both are limited by diffusion and Nb(CN) precipitation, which are extended dynamically in the range of strains rates 10⁻² to 1 s⁻¹.

In the present paper, an attempt is made to derive the PRTT diagram and to define all mathematical equations for describing recrystallization times t_0.05R, t_0.5R, t_0.95R and t_0.05P for the start of precipitation. In real metal forming processes such as the hot rolling of plates or strips the knowledge of these parameters and results is extremely important for the the correct microstructure and sheet quality to be obtained.     

汽车自动传动液的研制

介绍了自动传统液的分类规格、自动传动液的特性和相关的评定方法；研制了无锌和低锌配方的两种产品，经评定试验和实机使用，符合ＤｅｘｒｏｎⅡＤ、Ｍｅｒｃｏｎ和ＡｌｌｉｓｏｎＣ－４的规格要求，达到了国外同类产品的质量水平。     

气体绝缘封闭电器的高速瞬变过程和现场试验

随着ＧＩＳ的工作电压不断提高和发展，一系列新的现象和问题也同时出现。从国外一些科研，设计，制造部门所研究发表的内容看，大致有隔离开关操作和高速瞬变过程，粒子影响和对干扰定位的技术，元件的监督，现场试验等课题，本文对以上问题加以综合介绍。     

核电厂操作人员心理特质的定量研究

在介绍前苏联Ｐｒｏｇｎｏｚ心理研究所和我国台湾省我国内外有关心理特质定量测试研究基础上，介绍了对我国核电厂操作人员运用美国明尼苏达多项个性测试（ＭＭＰ）进行心理特质分析的初步结果，提出了开展我国核电厂操作人员心理物质研究了主要内容，并强调了进行核电厂操作人员心理物质选拔和心理培训的必要性。     

粉末涂层抗冲击缺陷分析

讨论了粉末静电涂装中出现的涂层抗冲击试验缺陷，通过设计实验寻找造成该缺陷的原因，揭示了产生涂层起皱和脱离基材的原因是钢板与磷化液之间的匹配性差。通过提高磷化液的游离酸酸度解决了该问题。从理论上推出了游离酸与附着力之间可能的关系：游离酸影响磷化膜与基材的结合力，或影响形成的磷化膜的形态。     

辽河油田小龙湾地区粗面岩油藏岩石力学特性研究

粗面岩油藏是一种特殊油气藏，已受到国内外油田的广泛关注，但目前国内对粗面岩力学特性的研究还很少。分析了粗面岩的岩性和裂缝发育情况，以岩石力学和弹性力学为理论基础，从岩石的应力-应变曲线和试验的基本原理出发，结合辽河油田小龙湾地区现场实际，通过粗面岩岩心单轴试验，得到了粗面岩的抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比和抗拉强度等基本岩石力学参数。根据试验得到的应力-应变曲线，结合弹性力学相关理论，得出小龙湾地区粗面岩的力学特性为线弹性，并给出了其基本力学参数的取值范围。谊结果对辽河油田小龙湾地区粗面岩油气藏的压裂设计和油气田开发具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。     

实施取水定额管理的几个关键问题探讨

通过对全国23个省级单位出台的用水定额标准进行分析，指出目前定额管理存在6个主要问题：一是概念模糊，二是制定方法不统一、不规范，三是定额标准体系不完善，四是可操作性较差，五是计量系统不完善，六是缺乏取水定额管理信息化平台。提出应采用“取水定额”这一表述，并提出了取水定额的体系，包括基础计量体系、定额制定体系、信息链体系、定期更新体系4部分。明确了取水定额管理体系建设主要内容应包括：法律法规体系、定额制定体系、水价管理体系、信息通道体系。     

200 万t链箅机-回转窑球团生产线快速达产实践

介绍了邯钢200万t链箅机-回转窑酸性氧化球团生产线的工艺特点和主要设备,以及建成投产后试生产的有关情况。通过周密的部署和安排,该生产线实现了40天快速达产的目标。