Predicting Occupational Coping Responses: The Interactive Effect of Gender and Work Stressor Context.

This study examined whether gender and work stressor context interacted to affect reports of occupational coping strategies. Participants (N=113) were asked to indicate how they would cope with both self-focused (i.e., solitary) and interpersonal (i.e., group) work overload contexts by providing responses to the Cybernetic Coping Scale (J. Edwards & A. J. Baglioni, 1993). Consistent with the hypothesized interaction, male and female participants evidenced similar coping strategies in the self-focused work overload context, whereas female participants showed significantly higher use of coping (T2=.08, p     

Creating Space: The Fourfold Dynamics of Potential Space.

Winnicott conceived of potential space primarily in terms of the vicissitudes of illusion and reality. Loosened from its ties to illusion and reality, potential space is depicted in terms of 4 interrelated, dialectical processes (surrender-generation, recognition-negation, care-quiescence, and disruption-repair), which can be found, in part, in Winnicott's formulations. Reformulating potential space in terms of these fourfold pairs captures the complexity and paradox of the presence and absence of self-states in successful and failed developmental and psychoanalytic interactions. In addition, these 4 interpersonal dynamics more adequately extend the concept of potential space to all phases of human life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Functional Projection: How Fundamental Social Motives Can Bias Interpersonal Perception.

Results from 2 experimental studies suggest that self-protection and mate-search goals lead to the perception of functionally relevant emotional expressions in goal-relevant social targets. Activating a self-protection goal led participants to perceive greater anger in Black male faces (Study 1) and Arab faces (Study 2), both out-groups heuristically associated with physical threat. In Study 2, participants' level of implicit Arab-threat associations moderated this bias. Activating a mate-search goal led male, but not female, participants to perceive more sexual arousal in attractive opposite-sex targets (Study 1). Activating these goals did not influence perceptions of goal-irrelevant targets. Additionally, participants with chronic self-protective and mate-search goals exhibited similar biases. Findings are consistent with a functionalist, motivation-based account of interpersonal perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dissociation and Internal Models of Protection: Psychotherapy With Child Abuse Survivors.

This article presents strategies for treating child abuse survivors based on a theory of interpersonal protection that integrates research in attachment, developmental psychopathology, trauma, dissociation, and experiential psychotherapy. The theory proposes that abused children do not form internal working models of an effective protector, with the result that they have difficulty defending themselves against interpersonal aggression and internal self-criticism; thus, a core psychotherapy task is to help survivors develop adequate representations of protection. The article provides case examples and describes interventions targeting the client-therapist relationship, other client relationships, client self-criticism, and traumatic memories. The author discusses dissociation as an intervention marker; client verbal and nonverbal feedback to therapist interventions; subselves and internal roles; the "inner critic"; guided imagery, role-plays, and dramatic enactment methods; and directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Therapeutic Process As a Predictor of Change in Patients' Important Relationships During Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy.

Components of the therapeutic process have been shown to be moderately strong predictors of change in patients' global interpersonal functioning during therapy. The authors sought to extend this research by examining how the therapeutic process in time-limited dynamic psychotherapy related to change in patients' perceptions of a specific relationship as rated by the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior. Results showed that ratings of therapist warmth at Session 3 predicted increased warmth and decreased hostility in patient behavior at posttreatment. Therapist warmth at Session 16 was predictive of a decrease in submissive behavior by patients toward their significant other. The importance of the association between the therapeutic process and patients' important interpersonal relationships is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

不同栽培条件对水稻茎秆材料学特性的影响

交易成本是企业规模的一个限制因素 ,而人际关系对交易成本具有重要影响。通过对特别主义与普遍主义人际关系模式在企业组建与企业运行中的影响分析 ,得出的结论是 :在特殊主义文化环境中 ,小规模组织的效率较高 ,而大规模组织的效率相对较低 ;普遍主义文化中的组织则正好相反。特殊主义文化环境中 ,在一定规模之下 ,组织的平均交易成本低于普遍主义文化环境中的组织 ,而当规模超过一定限度后 ,会高于普遍主义文化环境中的组织。这还会对不同国际分工产生一定的影响 ,既具有特殊主义文化传统的东亚国家在经济规模较小的行业有比较优势 ,而在需要大规模生产的行业则处于比较劣势     

Group Decision Making on Urban Planning Using Desktop Multimedia Conferencing

Recent developments on multimedia systems and networking technology show that using desktop multimedia conferencing for group decision making on wide area networks such as the Internet is possible. In this paper we review the design, hardware and software requirements and organizational issues in a desktop multimedia conferencing system. We draw on our experiences from multiple multimedia conferences on the Internet and in particular we focus on a case study on urban planning using desktop multimedia conferencing on the Internet. Further we discuss implications for further research on desktop multimedia conferencing.     

The Relationship Between Witnessing Parental Conflict During Childhood and Later Psychological Adjustment Among University Students: Disentangling Confounding Risk Factors.

The purpose of the current study was to examine in detail the association between witnessing domestic violence (DV) and long-term psychological adjustment. Important limitations of past research were addressed, including controlling for several associated risk factors. Special attention was paid to whether the perpetrator of the violence was the maternal or paternal figure, as well as to whether the witness to the violence was male or female. Participants completed measures examining DV witnessed, direct child abuse experienced, and current psychopathology. Following screening for physical and sexual abuse, a sample of 351 individuals was selected. Four groups of participants were compared. Results indicated that individuals who had witnessed either physical DV or major psychological DV had higher levels of psychopathology than individuals who reported witnessing minor psychological DV or controls. After controlling for direct psychological abuse experienced, witnessing DV remained a significant predictor of psychopathology for males but not for females. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Physical and Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Methadone Maintenance Treatment.

Although several studies have examined the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and drug use among women in drug treatment programs, more information is needed to delineate differences, as a function of the specific drug used. Data from a random sample of 416 women attending methadone programs were analyzed to elucidate the differential associations between IPV and use of the following: marijuana only, cocaine only, heroin only, or cocaine and heroin. Prevalence of IPV among this sample far exceeded estimates from the general population. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, use of cocaine only was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing IPV compared with no drug use. Similar results were found for women using both cocaine and heroin. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)