非完整约束下的机器人运动规划算法

由非完整约束定义提出一种改进RRT(快速搜索随机树)算法,解决受动力学约束的移动机器人运动规划问题.该算法将移动机器人的非完整约束条件与RRT搜索算法相结合.针对RRT算法在全局状态空间均匀随机搜索导致算法无谓耗费代价大的缺陷,引入目标偏向思想,并选择计算复杂度低的距离参数提高求解速度.通过几类典型的非完整约束下的机器...     

Work-arounds and Boundary Crossing in a High Tech Optronics Company: The Role of Co-operative Workflow Technologies

This study examines how some employeescoped with the exceptions that they encountered withtheir on-going use of a co-operative workflowtechnology in an optronics company. By drawing on thecase material, this paper will indicate thatapproaches which view work as being capable of beingplanned and managed through the formal authority ofthe hierarchy are insufficient. Instead, this paperwill suggest that exception handling, work-arounds andimprovisation are more characteristic of humanactivity. Computer supported co-operative work will beconceptualised as being embedded in a dynamicrelationship between the context it is situatedwithin, and the actors that engage in it. Theprinciples underlying ethnography have informed theresearch approach.     

Discrimination or favoritism? Sex bias in book reviews.

Studied 180 reviews of books written by male, female, or male and female authors to investigate sex bias. Half the books had been reviewed by males, half by females. Each review was rated separately for positive and negative elements. For positive elements, there was a significant interaction between author's and reviewer's sex: same-sex books were more favorably evaluated than other-sex books, while books of mixed authorship fell in between. There was no comparable interaction for negative elements. Reviewers of both sexes tended to find more negative elements in books by male than by female authors. It is concluded that unlike in studies employing hypothetical situations, in real-life settings each sex is biased in favor of itself. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Population shift bias in tests of space–time interaction

Common to all tests of space–time interaction is the assumption that the population underlying the events of interest exhibits a trajectory of growth that is consistent through time and across space. In practice, however, this assumption is often untenable and, when violated, can introduce population shift bias into the results of these tests. While this problem is widely recognized, more work remains to compare its effect across tests and to determine the extent to which it is a problem for study short periods. This paper quantifies and compares the population shift bias present in the results of the Knox, Mantel, and Jacquez tests of space–time interaction. A simulation study is carried out which quantifies the bias present in each test across a variety of population movement scenarios. Results show a positive relationship between population shift bias and the heterogeneity in population growth across all the tests. They also demonstrate variability in the size of the bias across the three tests for space–time interaction considered. Finally, the results illustrate that population shift bias can be a serious problem for short study periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that an unbiased approach to assessing the significance of space–time interaction test results is needed whenever spatially heterogeneous population change is identified within a study area.     

硅太阳电池光谱响应测试技术研究

对太阳电池光谱响应理论及测试技术的进行了研究,通过绝对光谱响应与量子效率的依赖关系,由绝对光谱响应测数据推导出了太阳电池的外量子效率。采用LabVIEW虚拟仪器技术,系统地将计算机与单色仪、锁相放大器等仪器硬件结合起来,设计了一套集成化及自动化程度较高的太阳电池光谱响应测量系统。系统扫描光谱范围为400～1200nm,步进波长最小可达1nm,可满足硅太阳电池光谱响应测试的需要。该测试系统对硅太阳电池光谱响应及偏置光源下的量子效率进行多次测试,结果表明：测量系统稳定性高,重复性能较好。     

Cost efficiency comparison of four video-based techniques for assessing upper arm postures

Many video-based techniques for assessing postures at work have been developed. Choosing the most appropriate technique should be based on an evaluation of different alternatives in terms of their ability to produce posture information at low input costs, i.e. their cost efficiency. This study compared four video-based techniques for assessing upper arm postures, using cost and error data from an investigation on hairdressers. Labour costs associated with the posture assessments from the video recordings were the dominant factor in the cost efficiency comparison. Thus, a work sampling technique associated with relatively large errors appeared, in general, to be the most cost-efficient because it was labour-saving. Measurement bias and other costs than labour cost for posture assessment influenced the ranking and economic evaluation of techniques, as did the applied measurement strategy, i.e. the numbers of video recordings and repeated assessments of them. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: The cost efficiency of four video-based techniques for assessing upper arm postures was compared. Work sampling techniques were in general more cost efficient than continuous observations since they were labour-saving. Whilst a labour cost dominated the comparison, 'hidden costs', bias and measurement strategy also influenced this dominance.     

无偏置v- 支持向量回归优化问题研究

在高维特征空间中,具有支持向量机形式的学习机的决策超平面倾向于通过原点,并不需要偏置.但在-支持向量回归机（ν-SVR）中存在偏置,为了研究偏置在ν-SVR中的作用,提出了无偏置的ν-SVR优化问题并给出其求解方法.在标准数据集上的实验表明,无偏置ν-SVR的泛化性能好于ν-SVR.根据对偶优化问题的解空间分析,偏置不应包含在-SVR优化问题中,ν-SVR的决策超平面在高维特征空间中应通过原点.     

Biases in quantitative judgements

This article illustrates the biases that can occur in making quantitative judgements. The mechanisms that produce the biases are described. Ways are suggested to avoid some of the biase, but it is not possible to avoid them all.     

模糊优选递归神经网络模型及其在水利水电投资项目评价中的应用

在模糊优选BP神经网络模型上,加入反馈信号及偏差单元,生成递归神经网络.其基本思想是通过对前馈神经网络中加入附加的、内部的反馈通道来增加网络本身处理动态信息的能力.将该模型用于水电投资项目的评价,所得结果与其它方法所得结果相比较,对该方法用于水利水电投资项目的评价的有效性进行了说明.     

电弧离子镀制备TiAlN膜工艺研究

采用阴极电弧离子镀技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基材上制备TiAlN膜层,镀膜装置为俄罗斯科学院UVN 0.5D2I电弧离子镀膜机,该设备由一个大功率的气体离子源和两个金属蒸发源组成.气体离子源具有气体离子轰击和辅助沉积的特点.研究了电弧电流、负偏压和气体离子源功率等工艺参数对膜层的影响规律.实验结果表明:气体离子源具有明显的细化金属颗粒的作用.提出了制备TiAlN膜层的最佳工艺,得到了厚度为5 ～10μm、相结构为Ti0.5Al0.5N、显微硬度为1200HV0.01的TiAlN膜层.