硼酸对FAAS法测定硅质材料中微量铁的基体改进效应的研究

火焰原子吸收法(简称FAAS)测定硅质材料中的微量铁,采用硼酸为基体改进剂,消除了测定铁时大量硅的干扰,扩大了测微量铁的应用范围。方法具有准确度好、检出限低、分析速度快、操作方便等优点。加标回收率96·0%~101%,线性范围0%~10·5μg/mL,灵敏度0·19μg/mL,检出限77ng/mL,相对标准偏差小于2·2%     

V掺杂Li2FeSiO4正极材料的制备与电化学性能

采用固相法制备了V掺杂的锂离子正极材料Li2Fe Si(1–x)VxO4(其中x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜、粒度分析、恒流充放电测试及交流阻抗谱测试等方法研究制备样品的结构、形貌及电化学性能。结果表明:掺杂后样品的衍射主峰与Li2Fe Si O4的XRD谱一致,样品的一次粒径分布在200~500 nm之间,颗粒分散较为均匀,掺杂后样品的粒度分布更为一致。电学性能测试显示:x=0.10时,样品表现出较好的电学性能。在0.1C下放电,Li2Fe Si0.90V0.10O4的首次放电容量为163 m A·h/g,与Li2Fe Si O4相比容量增加了66.2%,循环30次后的容量仍保持在127m A·h/g,具有良好的循环性能。     

窑法磷酸中铁、铅、砷的深度净化

对沉淀法深度净化窑法磷酸中的铁、铅和砷进行了研究。理论计算表明,采用亚铁氰化铁沉淀法除铁,可以将w(Fe)降低至≤1 mg/kg;采用硫化物沉淀法除铅、除砷,当净化液中c(S)≥9.46×10-5mol/L时,可以将w(Pb)和w(As)分别降至10 mg/kg、1 mg/kg。实验结果表明,当亚铁氰化钠加入量为理论量、反应温度为50℃时,w(Fe)降至0.001 9%(折合w(H3PO4)85%磷酸中);当五硫化二磷加入量为理论量4.6倍、反应温度为20~30℃以及反应时间为0.5 h时,w(Pb)和w(As)分别降至7.5 mg/kg、0.15 mg/kg(折合w(H3PO4)85%磷酸中)。上述净化指标均达到了工业级磷酸国家标准(GB/T 2091—2008)的要求。     

Pipecolic Acid Hydroxylases: A Monophyletic Clade among cis‐Selective Bacterial Proline Hydroxylases that Discriminates l‐Proline

Proline hydroxylases are iron(II)/2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent enzymes that hydroxylate l ‐proline and derivatives, such as l pipecolic acid, which is the six‐membered‐ring homologue of l ‐proline. It has been established that there is a distinct group of conserved bacterial enzymes that hydroxylate l ‐pipecolic acid and trans‐3‐ and trans‐4‐methyl‐l ‐proline, but virtually no l ‐proline. This allows the organism to produce hydroxyproline congeners without hydroxylation of the physiologically omnipresent l ‐proline. In vitro conversions showed that the substrate spectrum of the pipecolic acid hydroxylases GetF (from a Streptomyces sp.; producer of the tetrapeptide antibiotic GE81112) and PiFa (from Frankia alni) overlaps that of proline hydroxylases, except for the nonacceptance of l ‐proline and smaller homologues. Distinct and conserved residues were determined for both types of enzymes. However, site‐directed mutagenesis in GetF did not yield variants that accepted l ‐proline; this suggested a complex interaction of several residues around the active site, which resulted in delicate changes in substrate specificity. This is supported by substrate docking in a homology model of GetF, which revealed an altered orientation for l ‐proline relative to that of preferred substrates.     

Recovery of alumina and ferric oxide from Bayer red mud rich in iron by reduction sintering

A great amount of red mud generated from alumina production by Bayer process not only threatens the environment but also causes waste of secondary resources. High-iron-content red mud from Bayer process was employed to recover alumina and ferric oxide by the process of reduction-sintering, leaching and then magnetic beneficiation. Results of thermodynamic analyses show that ferric oxide should be reduced to Fe if reduction of ferric oxide and formation of sodium aluminate and calcium silicate happen simultaneously. Experimental results indicate that alumina recovery of Bayer red mud can reach 89.71%, and Fe recovery rate and the grade of magnetite concentrate are 60.67% and 61.78%, respectively, under the optimized sintering conditions.     

Computer model for the characterisation of the size distribution of spheroidal graphite in ductile cast iron

A computer model was developed to establish the relationship between the two-dimensional (2D) and the three-dimensional (3D) parameters, specifically the number of particles and particle size distribution. The computer experiments were performed for both monodispersed and lognormally polydispersed systems. The model was based on a random distribution of a number of spherical grains in a cubic unit, with no intersection between the grains. The cubic unit was cut by a random plane and the number of particles which appeared in the section and the area fraction were measured. This procedure was repeated until the average number of particles and the average area fraction became constant. Finally, the 2D size distribution of the particles over all sections was obtained.

It was concluded that the volume fraction is equal to the area fraction, irrespective of the particle size distribution, providing that the total number of measured 2D particles is large enough. As for the number of particles, an equation was found to calculate the number of 3D particles in a monodispersed system from the number of 2D particles and the volume fraction. However, in lognormally polydispersed systems the number of 3D particles could be calculated using the 3D mean and standard deviation, estimated from the 2D mean and standard deviation by a method specifically developed for the purpose.

Finally, the method was applied to two ductile cast iron specimens and the applicability of the present model was verified.     

化学沉淀法制备磷酸铁锂正极材料的研究进展

磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)是一种非常有应用前景的锂离子电池正极材料,化学沉淀法是制备这种材料的理想方法。本文从不同的前驱体合成路线角度出发,针对金属离子掺杂和表面碳包覆这两种改性手段,对化学沉淀法制备LiFePO4正极材料国内外的研究进行综述,对当前研究过程中存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了评论和展望,为LiFePO4正极材料的研究提供了参考。     

添加钛、铌、锰、硫及镁对亚共晶灰铸铁初生奥氏体形核及生长的影响

共晶铸铁在共晶凝固时,熔体中碳的状态,即“C的微小集合体”已经被深入研究.然而时于与初生奥氏体密切相关的铁原子的状态,即“铁的微小集合体”却缺乏研究.本文作者提出,在亚共晶灰铸铁熔体中,初晶γ的形核受“Fe的富集部”的影响,而“Fe的富集部”的形成及消失与“C的微小集合体”有关.研究表明,初生奥氏体的形核过冷度、形核数和晶核生长形貌随工艺条件如过热度、保温时间和冷却速率而变化.本文讨论了在熔体的过热度、保温时间和冷却速率固定的条件下,钛、铌、锰、硫和镁这五种添加元素对亚共晶灰铸铁初晶γ的凝固过程的影响.     

50%～30%中、低蠕化率铸铁的性能及应用

综述了灰铁、蠕铁和球铁中的石墨形态与其力学性能及热力学性能的关系。铸铁材料的实际性能是随着蠕化率或球化率的变化而变化,也就是随着球状、团状、团絮状、蠕虫状石墨的数量比例变化而变化的;中、低蠕化率(蠕化率50%～30%,即球化率50%～70%)铸铁处于由蠕铁向球铁变化的中、后段,具有优于球铁的铸造性能、致密性、导热性、减震性和切削加工性能,同时具有优于高蠕化率蠕铁的常温和高温力学性能。指出中、低蠕化率铸铁适用于需要较高强度和冷热疲劳性能的场合。     

氮对高铬铸铁组织及碳化物形貌的影响

加入氮元素可改善高铬铸铁的力学性能。为了解氮对高铬铸铁的影响机制,通过Factsage和Imagepro plus对加氮的高铬铸铁进行相图模拟和碳化物形貌分析。研究发现,加氮后高铬铸件的冲击韧度和硬度都会受到影响。当加入质量分数0．07％的氮,冲击韧度达到6．4J／cm2;加氮量为O．4％时,硬度达到64．5HRC。